Zechariah 5–9

Common Theme

God is purging wickedness and promising restoration. Through visions, prophetic warnings, and messianic hope, He reveals both judgment against sin and a future of peace under His righteous rule.

Questions

• What do the flying scroll and the woman in the basket teach us about how seriously God deals with sin?
• How does the promise of a coming humble king in chapter 9 shape your understanding of Jesus?

God Shot

God is both righteous Judge and gracious King. He hates wickedness and removes it from among His people, yet He also promises to personally come in humility and bring peace, revealing His justice and mercy in perfect harmony.

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Deeper^✝

Zechariah 5

Zechariah 5:1–4 describes a scroll with unique features that signify judgment and the law’s importance in covenant relationships. Its characteristics emphasize the law’s role in guiding life, urging the Christian community to embody these values through the law of Christ.

Zechariah 5:5–11 addresses covenant infidelity in the people’s relationship with God, highlighting Yahweh’s intolerance of rivals. The vision features a measuring basket symbolizing the people’s iniquity, containing an idol representing idolatrous worship. The basket is taken to Shinar, linked to the Tower of Babel, where a temple will be built for the idol. The application emphasizes the importance of worship leadership, requiring theological and spiritual training to guide others in their relationship with God.

Zechariah 6

In Zechariah 6:1–8, the prophet sees four chariots with colored horses representing God’s judgment. They await permission to act against Babylon, symbolizing God’s punishment for exiling His people. This vision reassures believers of God’s commitment to their redemption, culminating in Christ’s work for their release from exile.

In Zechariah 6:9–15, the prophet is instructed to create two crowns from silver and gold collected from returning Jews, placing one on high priest Joshua’s head. This symbolizes the coming of a Davidic descendant who will rebuild the temple. The church’s ultimate purpose is to participate in restoring God’s rule, proclaiming the kingdom through the gospel, worship, community service, and teaching obedience to Christ.

Zechariah 7

Zechariah 7:1–14 discusses the historical context of Israel’s redemptive history, focusing on a delegation from Bethel seeking guidance on fasting practices. The prophet Zechariah emphasizes the consequences of ignoring God’s message, linking Israel’s past to the current lack of repentance. He highlights the importance of sincere repentance in the covenant relationship with God, which is echoed in the New Testament through John the Baptist’s call to repentance before Jesus’ grace. True conversion involves turning to God while renouncing sin, a principle often overlooked in contemporary Christian practices.

Zechariah 8

Zechariah 8:1–13 presents oracles emphasizing God’s salvation for Israel, contrasting with previous judgments. The first oracle highlights God’s deliverance from nations that harmed Israel. The second oracle promises God’s return to dwell in Jerusalem, reminiscent of His presence in the tabernacle. The third oracle uses imagery of children and the elderly to depict a life of abundance and safety. The fourth oracle describes Jerusalem transformed by God’s zeal into a prosperous city. The fifth oracle assures the return of exiled people. The subsequent sermon encourages rebuilding efforts, emphasizing God’s renewed blessings and contrasting past curses with future blessings for the community and nations.

Zechariah 8:14–23 discusses God’s new determination for His people, signaling a shift from disaster to good. The prophet emphasizes the ethical demands on the people, urging them to follow specific admonitions to experience this change. The text also transforms fasting into feasting, highlighting the importance of repentance and obedience to God’s covenant. Additionally, it addresses the nations’ attraction to Jerusalem, where they will seek Yahweh, and the Jewish community’s role in ushering in this new era. Ultimately, Zechariah envisions a future of restoration and joy in God’s presence, encouraging communal celebrations and fellowship within faith communities.

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^✝Deeper excerpt from NIV Application Commentary, One-Volume Edition.

Zechariah 1–4

Common Theme

God calls His people to return to Him and reveals His sovereign plans to restore and purify them. Through visions, He shows that His work will be accomplished not by human might but by His Spirit.

Questions

• What areas of your life feel impossible unless God’s Spirit empowers the work?
• How do the visions in Zechariah shape your view of God’s involvement in restoring His people?

God Shot

God is the Lord of armies who remembers His covenant and actively works to restore His people. He is patient, powerful, and purposeful, accomplishing His plans not through human strength but through His Spirit.

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Deeper^✝

Zechariah 1

Zechariah 1:1–6 discusses the tradition of penitential prayer, emphasizing the need for true repentance among the present generation in light of past failures. The passage highlights God’s anger towards former generations who ignored the prophets, while encouraging contemporary individuals to confess their sins and recognize Yahweh’s justice. Zechariah, rooted in a priestly context, conveys a prophetic message that intertwines past warnings with future hope for repentance. The text underscores that biblical repentance involves both turning away from sin and turning towards a relationship with God, promoting a holistic approach to faithfulness and purity in all aspects of life.

Zechariah 1:7–17 introduces the prophet’s visionary world, beginning with a military-themed scene where a reconnaissance team reports a peaceful world. This tranquility, however, troubles the angel of the Lord, who seeks evidence of change for God’s people, prompting the question, “How long?” The mention of “seventy years” refers to the exile meant to discipline them. God responds with comforting words, promising to return to Jerusalem with mercy, rebuild, and prosper His people. The passage emphasizes God’s sovereignty and omniscience, encouraging faithfulness as believers await Christ’s return, echoing the apostles’ prayerful acknowledgment of God’s authority.

In Zechariah 1:18–21, the prophet sees a vision of four horns representing the military power that has scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem. The vision conveys hope, indicating that these nations will be powerless against the Jewish community. It emphasizes God’s commitment to punishing oppressors like Babylon. The application highlights Christ’s incarnation and the power of faith, illustrating that true strength comes from trusting in God, especially in moments of helplessness.

Zechariah 2

Zechariah 2:1–5 describes a vision relevant to the historical context of the people rebuilding the temple in Jerusalem. It emphasizes God’s promise to restore the temple and prosperity. The text highlights the importance of experiencing God’s presence for transformed vision and faithful living within communities of faith, urging a call for the Holy Spirit’s manifestation.

Zechariah 2:6–13 emphasizes the call for the people to return to God’s land, where His presence will be restored. It highlights that foreigners will join the community upon God’s return, indicating a universal vision through Judah and Jerusalem’s reinstatement. The oracle encourages the community to reject worldly corruption while embracing God’s redemptive plan, reflecting His passion for all nations, culminating in Jesus Christ.

Zechariah 3

Zechariah 3:1–10 depicts a scene where Joshua, the high priest, stands before the Lord and is accused by Satan. Instead of denying the accusations, the Lord rebukes Satan and promises to cleanse Joshua, symbolizing the atonement for Israel’s sins. This passage serves two purposes: it reassures Joshua of God’s blessing and signifies a new era in redemptive history, marked by the removal of guilt and future prosperity. Ultimately, it emphasizes God’s grace, countering the lies of the accuser regarding sin and worthiness.

Zechariah 4

Zechariah 4:1–14 highlights the prophet’s role in the restoration during the early Persian period, emphasizing the temple’s significance as a source of God’s presence. Zerubbabel’s efforts in rebuilding the temple are supported by prophetic encouragement, intertwining royal and prophetic offices. The passage calls the church to seek God’s Spirit for empowerment, essential for overcoming challenges, similar to Zerubbabel’s struggle with rubble. It serves as a reminder of the need for divine support in faith communities today.

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^✝Deeper excerpt from NIV Application Commentary, One-Volume Edition.

Haggai 1–2

Common Theme

God calls His people to prioritize His house over their own comforts and assures them that His presence and future glory will surpass their past. Though the people had neglected rebuilding the temple, God remained faithful, stirring them to return to the work and promising to bless them.

Questions

• What are you currently prioritizing above God’s presence or purposes?
• How does God’s promise of future glory encourage you in seasons of discouragement or delay?

God Shot

God is the Sovereign Lord who lovingly disciplines and stirs His people when they drift from His purposes. He delights in dwelling among them, and His glory is not dependent on human grandeur but on His faithful presence and promises.

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Deeper^✝

Haggai 1

Haggai 1:1–11 conveys a prophetic message urging the Jewish people to take action regarding the rebuilding of the temple, highlighting the connection between their neglect and their suffering. God addresses their situation, questioning their priorities and emphasizing the need for reflection on their ways. The passage warns that inaction will lead to further curses, linking human efforts to divine purposes. Ultimately, the call is for the people to act not just for relief but for God’s pleasure and glory. This message challenges modern readers to prioritize God’s kingdom work over physical structures.

Haggai 1:12–15 highlights the people’s faith response to Haggai’s message, emphasizing God’s promise of presence, "I am with you." This new generation of Jews, facing challenges, begins the temple project after previous failures. The passage illustrates that God provides resources and empowerment for fulfilling His priorities, requiring human involvement while ensuring divine support.

Haggai 2

Haggai 2:1–9 addresses a discouraged community celebrating a festal event amidst the ruins of their temple. The passage encourages renewed strength and action despite feelings of frustration. It warns against evaluating current experiences through past spiritual paradigms, urging individuals to remain open to God’s present impact rather than becoming paralyzed by nostalgia.

The book of Haggai, particularly 2:10–23, provides a historical context for the prophet’s messages, linking them to Jewish feasts and the temple’s rebuilding. This passage marks the anniversary of the temple’s foundation and addresses the people, priests, and Zerubbabel, emphasizing themes of blessing, purity, and royal power. Haggai encourages the community by contrasting their troubled past with a hopeful future tied to their obedience and Zerubbabel’s leadership. The text highlights the importance of genuine worship and obedience, warning against empty rituals. Haggai’s message foreshadows the establishment of God’s rule, with the coming of Christ offering greater hope and fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies. Believers today live in anticipation of the ultimate divine intervention, paralleling the faith of Haggai’s audience.

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^✝Deeper excerpt from NIV Application Commentary, One-Volume Edition.

Ezra 4–6; Psalm 137

Common Theme

Despite intense opposition and discouragement, God’s sovereign hand ensures the completion of His purposes and the rebuilding of His temple. Psalm 137 captures the emotional and spiritual toll of exile, showing the deep longing for restoration and justice among God’s people.

Questions

• When facing resistance or discouragement, do you tend to stop building—or trust that God is still working?
• How do you express your longing for God’s justice and presence in the midst of grief or opposition?

God Shot

God is faithful to His promises, sovereignly moving through kings, prophets, and providential timing to ensure His house is rebuilt. Even when His people are in anguish or under threat, He sees, remembers, and acts in perfect wisdom and power.

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Deeper^✝

Ezra 4

Ezra 4:1–5 discusses the significant opposition faced by the Jews during the rebuilding of the temple under Cyrus’s reign. The narrative emphasizes the importance of understanding the completed task in light of this opposition. The locals, identifying themselves as exiles, sought to assist the Jews, but Israel’s leaders, prioritizing theological purity, rejected their help. This decision led to anger and retaliation from the excluded locals, who aimed to discourage the Jews, ultimately causing a sixteen-year halt in the rebuilding efforts. The passage highlights the necessity of conviction in leadership and the implications of saying no.

Ezra 4:6–24 discusses the opposition faced by the Jews during the reigns of Xerxes and Artaxerxes, leading to a halt in their rebuilding efforts. The text highlights an unspecified accusation against the Jews early in Xerxes’ reign and a formal complaint to Artaxerxes, backed by influential figures from various regions. The complaint centers on loyalty, suggesting that rebuilding Jerusalem’s walls threatens the empire’s stability. The informants claim Jerusalem’s past rebellions justify their concerns, contrasting human perspectives with divine views on the city’s fall. The king’s response includes orders to investigate and cease the rebuilding. The passage reflects spiritual warfare, emphasizing the ongoing struggle against evil and the challenges faced by the church in spreading the gospel.

Ezra 5

Ezra 5:1–17 discusses the resumption of temple rebuilding in Jerusalem, motivated by the prophets Haggai and Zechariah after a sixteen-year pause. Persian officials challenge the Jews, not to hinder their efforts but to ensure compliance with regulations, indicating a protective oversight from God. The chapter includes Tattenai’s inquiry to King Darius about the project, showing the officials’ intent to gather information rather than express malice. The Jews respond confidently, providing a historical account of the temple, strategically omitting Solomon’s name. The text draws parallels to modern U.S. residents’ rights to free speech and worship, emphasizing that true security for Christians should rely on more than just political rights.

Ezra 6

Ezra 6:1–12 discusses the discovery of evidence in Ecbatana that supports the Jews’ right to rebuild the temple. Darius responds to Tattenai by prohibiting any interference with the construction, both physically and financially, reflecting Persian kings’ interest in their subjects’ religious practices. He also enforces penalties for disobedience regarding the temple. The passage emphasizes that opposition to God’s people will ultimately be met with divine intervention, both through prophets and supportive individuals from outside the covenant community. The restoration of Zion is assured, as God will oppose those who oppose His people.

Ezra 6:13–22 describes the completion of the temple and the subsequent celebration. The rebuilding was facilitated by a lack of governmental interference and motivated by the prophetic preaching of Haggai and Zechariah. The temple was completed on March 12, 515 BC, following the encouragement from these prophets. The dedication and celebration of the temple were marked by joy, contrasting with previous mixed emotions during earlier phases. This event recalls the dedication of Solomon’s temple, emphasizing continuity in worship despite the reduced number of tribes. The ultimate result of the temple’s completion was the resumption of traditional worship, highlighted by the celebration of Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread, which connected the community to their past and symbolized their deliverance from exile. The Levites ensured the proper observance of these feasts, emphasizing purity and devotion to God. The narrative underscores Yahweh’s sovereignty over the rebuilding process, encouraging believers to dedicate their lives to God and celebrate His works, with Jesus as the ultimate Passover Lamb.

Psalm 137

Psalm 137 reflects on the experience of exile in Babylon, emphasizing the community’s sorrow and commitment to Jerusalem. It recalls the pain of displacement and urges collective remembrance. The psalm concludes with a plea to Yahweh to remember the actions of Edom and Babylon, highlighting the harsh realities of warfare and suffering.

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^✝Deeper excerpt from NIV Application Commentary, One-Volume Edition.

Ezra 1–3

Common Theme

God faithfully fulfills His promises by stirring hearts to return, rebuild, and restore. These chapters highlight the sovereign orchestration of return from exile and the beginning of temple restoration, emphasizing God’s covenant faithfulness.

Questions

• What does it reveal about God’s character that He moved both a pagan king (Cyrus) and the people to accomplish His purposes?
• In what ways might God be prompting you to "rebuild" something in your life that reflects His glory?

God Shot

God is the sovereign Restorer who stirs hearts, opens doors, and orchestrates history to fulfill His redemptive plans. He is faithful to His promises and powerful enough to move both kings and common people to bring His purposes to pass.

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Deeper^✝

Ezra 1

Ezra 1:1–11 discusses Cyrus’s proclamation regarding the return of the Jews to Jerusalem after the fall of Babylon in 539 BC. The text emphasizes that this event is not just a political shift but a divine intervention by God. Cyrus acknowledges that his success is due to "The LORD" and commissions the Jews to rebuild Yahweh’s dwelling in Jerusalem, providing financial support and resources. The response to Cyrus’s proclamation includes leaders from Judah and Benjamin, as well as priests and Levites, indicating a collective effort. Neighbors also contribute by providing assistance. The chapter concludes with a tally of resources, affirming God’s presence with His people and fulfilling prophetic promises. The application highlights the importance of trusting in God’s faithfulness to restore and keep His word despite challenges.

Ezra 2

Ezra 2:1–70 details the return of the exiled people to Jerusalem and Judah, fulfilling a promise from the prophet Isaiah. Key figures in this restoration include Zerubbabel, linked to the Davidic line, and Joshua, the high priest. The text categorizes the returning individuals into lay people and ministers, emphasizing their connections to their ancestral roots and geographical origins. The lay people are identified by family names and towns, reinforcing their legal ties to the land. The ministers include priests, Levites, musicians, gatekeepers, and temple servants, with specific families noted for each role. However, some individuals lack documentary proof of their Israelite descent, raising concerns about their eligibility for priestly duties. The chapter concludes with a numerical summary of the returning group, although the total does not match the individual counts, reflecting common discrepancies in ancient records. The application emphasizes the importance of spiritual identity, suggesting that true understanding of self comes from recognizing one’s relationship with God, rather than relying on human-made markers of identity.

Ezra 3

Ezra 3:1–13 describes the rebuilding of the altar and the preparations for the temple after the return from exile. The seventh month marks a significant time for the community, symbolizing both practical and theological progress in worship. Joshua, the high priest, and Zerubbabel lead the efforts to build the altar for sacrifices, adhering to the Law of Moses. Despite challenges, the people engage in daily worship and celebrate the Feast of Tabernacles, reflecting on God’s provision during their ancestors’ desert journey. After the altar’s completion, they focus on gathering supplies and personnel for the temple’s foundation, with Levites supervising the work, emphasizing unity. The first worship service after exile highlights the community’s praise for Yahweh, although some who remembered Solomon’s temple wept at the sight of the new foundation. The chapter concludes with the sound of their praises echoing beyond the community, setting the stage for future challenges. The text underscores God’s goodness amidst difficulties and the assurance of His presence.

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^✝Deeper excerpt from NIV Application Commentary, One-Volume Edition.

Daniel 10–12

Common Theme

God reveals detailed visions of future conflict, persecution, and deliverance, reminding His people that He is sovereign over history and that their suffering has purpose. These chapters underscore the spiritual battle behind earthly events and the ultimate triumph of God’s kingdom.

Questions

• How does knowing that unseen spiritual battles are occurring impact the way you pray or persevere through hardship?
• What encouragement can you draw from the promise that those whose names are written in the book will be delivered?

God Shot

God is revealed as the One who commands angelic armies and knows the future with perfect clarity. He is not distant from suffering but is actively engaged in the spiritual and historical battles that shape His redemptive plan.

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Deeper^✝

Daniel 10

Daniel recounts a vision received after three weeks of mourning and prayer for understanding. On the twenty-fourth day of the first month, he sees a terrifying heavenly being resembling a human, dressed in linen and gold, whose voice is powerful. Although those around him do not see the vision, they sense its might and flee. The supernatural being reassures Daniel, who is described as precious to God, and reveals a cosmic battle involving the "prince of the Persian kingdom," a supernatural entity opposing divine forces. This conflict illustrates the struggles faced by God’s people. The messenger announces that he will share what is written in the "Book of Truth," indicating that God has a plan for history, culminating in the rescue of His people. The text emphasizes the need for believers to recognize their reliance on God’s strength in spiritual battles, urging them to don the armor of God and turn to Jesus as their ultimate source of power against evil.

Daniel 11

The passage outlines a prophetic narrative concerning the historical events involving Persia, Greece, and the subsequent rulers, particularly focusing on the conflicts between the Ptolemies and Seleucids. The text begins by affirming the truth of the prophecy, which Daniel hears in the sixth century, detailing events that span several centuries. It identifies Alexander the Great and his successors, leading to the struggles for control over Palestine.

The narrative highlights the reign of Antiochus III and his son Antiochus IV Epiphanes, who aggressively opposed the worship practices of the Jewish people, culminating in the desecration of the temple. The text describes the division among the Jewish people regarding their response to Antiochus’s Hellenization efforts.

Daniel 12

As the prophecy progresses, it shifts to a broader eschatological perspective, suggesting a climactic king who embodies pride and rebellion against God. The passage emphasizes the ultimate conflict between good and evil, culminating in the salvation of God’s people, as indicated in chapter 12. The text concludes with a celestial dialogue about the future, underscoring the mystery of God’s plan and the assurance of divine control despite present chaos.

The application stresses God’s sovereignty amidst contemporary turmoil, encouraging believers to trust in His control over the world, regardless of societal challenges. The message reassures that, like in ancient times, God remains in command today, urging a response of faith rather than panic.

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^✝Deeper excerpt from NIV Application Commentary, One-Volume Edition.

Daniel 7–9

Common Theme

God is sovereign over history and time, revealing future kingdoms and their downfall, culminating in His eternal rule. He responds to repentance and fulfills His promises despite overwhelming opposition and delay.

Questions

• How does Daniel’s response to the visions (prayer, confession, intercession) shape your view of how to respond to difficult revelations from God?
• What do these chapters teach us about God’s timeline versus our own expectations?

God Shot

God is the Ancient of Days, enthroned in holiness and judgment, ruling over all nations and kingdoms. He listens to humble prayer, sends divine messengers, and sovereignly sets the times for redemption and justice.

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Deeper^✝

Daniel 7

Daniel 7:1–28 marks a shift from court narrative to apocalyptic literature, requiring a different reading approach due to its metaphor-rich nature. Apocalyptic literature uses analogies to convey complex ideas, emphasizing caution in interpretation. Daniel’s vision begins with a chaotic sea, symbolizing horror and evil, from which four bizarre beasts emerge, representing forces opposing God. The first beast, resembling a lion with eagle wings, is interpreted as Babylon. The second, a bear, raises debate over its identification as Medo-Persia or Media. The third beast, a swift leopard, may symbolize the Persian army or Alexander the Great’s conquests. The fourth beast is less defined, often linked to Greece or Rome, depending on previous identifications.

The narrative transitions to a courtroom scene where the "Ancient of Days" represents God as judge, and "one like a son of man" signifies a divine figure, emphasizing the contrast between depraved human kingdoms and the divine realm. The fourth beast and its horns are debated, with interpretations suggesting they represent Greece or Rome, and the climactic horn linked to Antiochus IV or the New Testament’s antichrist.

The phrase "a time, times and half a time" is often interpreted as three and a half years, though its vagueness suggests a broader meaning. Ultimately, Daniel 7 illustrates the pervasive nature of human evil, resonating with Christians who face oppressive regimes and highlighting the universal struggle against self-seeking rebellion against God.

Daniel 8

Daniel 8:1–27 presents a vision involving a ram and a goat, focusing on a small horn that symbolizes a king or kingdom, which grows and challenges the heavenly army, particularly the commander of the Lord. This small horn represents a power that rebels against God, causing suffering to God’s people and disrupting worship. The vision indicates that this disruption will last for 2,300 evenings and mornings before the sanctuary is reconsecrated.

The interpretation of the vision is provided by the angel Gabriel, who clarifies that it pertains to the second century BC, identifying the ram as the kings of Media and Persia and the goat as Greece, led by Alexander the Great. Following Alexander’s death, his empire is divided among his generals, referred to as the "four prominent horns." The focus then shifts to Antiochus IV Epiphanes, a Seleucid ruler known for his persecution of the Jewish people and desecration of the temple, actions that are seen as direct affronts to God.

The vision concludes with a reaffirmation of the suffering’s timeframe, emphasizing that the numbers given are not for precise calculations but to assure believers of God’s control. The application warns against misusing apocalyptic dates to assert control over God’s timeline, urging the church to focus on present realities while maintaining hope for the future. This reflects a broader theme of living faithfully in the present rather than being consumed by speculation about the end times.

Daniel 9

Daniel 9:1–27 discusses Daniel’s prayer in the context of the fall of Babylon and the anticipated return of the Judeans to their homeland. In the first year of Darius, Daniel reflects on the seventy-year prophecy from Jeremiah, recognizing that Babylon’s fall marks a potential end to the exile. He acknowledges God’s greatness and faithfulness while confessing the people’s rebellion against Him, highlighting their failure to heed the prophets sent to them. Daniel connects the people’s sins to their suffering, emphasizing that their exile is a consequence of their actions, not arbitrary punishment from God.

He appeals for mercy, invoking God’s past deliverance during the Exodus, suggesting that the return from exile would be a second Exodus. Daniel’s plea is based on God’s righteousness rather than the people’s merit. Gabriel responds to Daniel’s prayer by reinterpreting the seventy years as seventy "sevens," outlining six significant actions that will occur during this period, including the eradication of sin and the establishment of righteousness.

The prophecy also discusses a future destructive force that will disrupt the covenant and lead to desolation. Ultimately, the text emphasizes the importance of seeking God’s voice, as Daniel did through Scripture, and points to Jesus as the fullest revelation of God today, encouraging believers to engage with the Bible to encounter Him.

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^✝Deeper excerpt from NIV Application Commentary, One-Volume Edition.

Common Theme

God alone rules over all kingdoms of men and humbles the proud. Whether in dreams, fiery furnaces, or lion’s dens, He demonstrates His sovereign power and authority to deliver, judge, and reign above every earthly king.

Questions

• In what ways have you seen pride lead to a downfall in your life or others’ lives?
• What does God’s faithfulness in delivering His people from danger reveal about His character?

God Shot

God is the sovereign King who humbles the exalted and exalts the humble. He is a deliverer, not bound by earthly power, and shows Himself mighty to save—whether from fire, beasts, or the pride of kings.

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Deeper^✝

Chapter 4

In this passage, King Nebuchadnezzar praises God for His signs and wonders, declaring the greatness of His everlasting kingdom. He recounts a troubling dream that he had while at ease in his palace, prompting him to summon the wise men of Babylon for interpretation. However, they are unable to decipher the dream, leading to the arrival of Daniel, also known as Belteshazzar, who possesses the spirit of the holy gods.

Nebuchadnezzar describes his dream of a magnificent tree that provides shelter and sustenance to all creatures. A heavenly watcher decrees that the tree should be chopped down, leaving only its stump, symbolizing a loss of power and a transformation into a beast-like existence for the king. Daniel interprets the dream, warning Nebuchadnezzar that he will be driven from men and live like a beast until he acknowledges that the Most High rules over all kingdoms.

Despite this warning, Nebuchadnezzar boasts about his achievements, leading to the fulfillment of the dream’s prophecy. He is driven from society and lives in a state of humiliation. Eventually, after a period of time, he lifts his eyes to heaven, regains his sanity, and praises God, acknowledging His sovereignty. His kingdom is restored, and he recognizes that God can humble the proud. Nebuchadnezzar concludes by extolling the King of heaven for His righteousness and justice.

Chapter 5

King Belshazzar hosted a grand feast for a thousand lords, during which he ordered the sacred vessels from the Jerusalem temple to be used for drinking wine. As they celebrated and praised false gods, a mysterious hand appeared and wrote on the palace wall, alarming the king. Despite calling for wise men to interpret the writing, they failed to do so, leaving Belshazzar terrified. The queen suggested summoning Daniel, known for his wisdom and ability to interpret dreams.

Daniel was brought before the king, who offered him rewards for interpreting the writing. Daniel, however, declined the gifts and instead recounted the story of Belshazzar’s father, Nebuchadnezzar, who was humbled by God for his pride. He admonished Belshazzar for not learning from this lesson and for disrespecting God by using the sacred vessels to honor idols.

Daniel then interpreted the writing: “MENE, MENE, TEKEL, and PARSIN.” He explained that God had numbered Belshazzar’s days, found him lacking, and declared that his kingdom would be divided and given to the Medes and Persians. Following this, Belshazzar honored Daniel, but that very night, he was killed, and Darius the Mede took over the kingdom.

Chapter 6

In the story of Daniel and the Lions’ Den, King Darius appoints Daniel as one of three high officials overseeing the kingdom. Daniel excels, prompting the king to consider promoting him further, which incites jealousy among the other officials. They conspire to find a way to accuse Daniel, ultimately deciding to exploit his devotion to God. They persuade Darius to issue a decree that anyone praying to any god or man other than the king for thirty days would be thrown into the lions’ den. Despite knowing the decree, Daniel continues to pray to God three times a day.

The officials catch Daniel in the act and report him to the king, who is distressed but bound by the law. Reluctantly, he orders Daniel to be thrown into the lions’ den, wishing for God’s protection over him. The king spends a sleepless night worrying about Daniel. The next morning, he rushes to the den and finds Daniel unharmed, as God had sent an angel to protect him. Overjoyed, Darius orders Daniel released and punishes the conspirators by throwing them into the den, where they are killed by the lions. Darius then issues a decree honoring Daniel’s God, proclaiming His eternal dominion and power. Daniel thrives under Darius and Cyrus’s reigns.

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^✝Deeper excerpt from NIV Application Commentary, One-Volume Edition.

Daniel 1–3

Common Theme

God honors those who remain faithful to Him, even in hostile environments. His power and presence are made known through the courageous obedience of His people in the face of pressure and persecution.

Questions

• What does it look like to remain faithful to God when your environment is hostile or indifferent to Him?
• In what areas are you being asked to trust God with the outcome of your obedience?

God Shot

God is sovereign over kings and kingdoms, yet He draws near to the faithful, even in fire. He is the one who gives wisdom, preserves life, and reveals Himself through miraculous deliverance and unwavering presence.

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Deeper^✝

Chapter 1

In the third year of Jehoiakim’s reign, Nebuchadnezzar besieged Jerusalem and took Jehoiakim captive, along with sacred vessels from the temple. He ordered Ashpenaz to select young men from Israel, including Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah, for training in Chaldean literature and language. They were to receive royal food and wine for three years. Daniel, however, chose not to defile himself with the king’s food and requested a diet of vegetables and water instead. After ten days, he and his friends appeared healthier than those who ate the king’s food. God granted them wisdom and understanding, making them stand out before Nebuchadnezzar, who found them ten times better than his other advisors. Daniel remained in Babylon until the first year of King Cyrus.

Chapter 2

In the second year of Nebuchadnezzar’s reign, the king experienced troubling dreams and summoned magicians, enchanters, and Chaldeans to interpret them. He demanded they reveal both the dream and its interpretation, threatening death if they failed. The Chaldeans argued that no one could meet such a demand, leading to the king’s anger and a decree to execute all wise men in Babylon. Daniel, one of the exiles, learned of the decree and requested time to interpret the dream. He and his companions prayed for divine mercy, and God revealed the mystery to Daniel in a vision.

Daniel praised God for His wisdom and might and approached the king’s captain, Arioch, to prevent the execution of the wise men. He was brought before Nebuchadnezzar, who asked if Daniel could reveal the dream and its meaning. Daniel explained that no human could do this, but God could reveal mysteries. He then described the king’s dream of a great image made of various materials, culminating in a stone that destroyed the image and became a mountain.

Daniel interpreted the dream, explaining that the image represented successive kingdoms, with Nebuchadnezzar as the head of gold. He foretold the rise of inferior kingdoms and the establishment of a divine kingdom that would last forever. Impressed, Nebuchadnezzar honored Daniel, acknowledging his God as the ultimate revealer of mysteries, and appointed him ruler over Babylon, along with his companions.

Chapter 3

King Nebuchadnezzar erected a massive golden image in Babylon and commanded all officials to worship it upon hearing music. Those who refused would be thrown into a fiery furnace. When certain Chaldeans accused three Jews—Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego—of defying this decree, Nebuchadnezzar summoned them. He offered them a chance to worship the image, threatening them with the furnace if they did not comply. The three men boldly declared their faith, stating that their God could save them, but even if He did not, they would not worship the golden image.

Enraged, Nebuchadnezzar ordered the furnace heated seven times hotter and had the men bound and thrown in. The flames were so intense that they killed the soldiers who cast them into the fire. However, Nebuchadnezzar was astonished to see four unbound figures walking in the flames, one resembling a divine being. He called the three men out, and they emerged unharmed, with no signs of fire on them. Nebuchadnezzar praised their God for delivering them and decreed that anyone who spoke against Him would face severe punishment. He then promoted Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego in Babylon.

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^✝Deeper excerpt from NIV Application Commentary, One-Volume Edition.

Joel 1–3

Common Theme

God uses natural disaster and military invasion to call His people to repentance, but ultimately promises restoration, the outpouring of His Spirit, and final judgment of the nations. Joel moves from lament to hope, revealing God’s redemptive plan through both historical and eschatological events.

Questions

• What does true repentance look like in times of crisis?
• How does the promise of God’s Spirit and final judgment shape the way we live now?

God Shot

God is both Judge and Redeemer. He grieves over sin and calls for heartfelt repentance, yet He also promises to pour out His Spirit generously and to dwell in the midst of His people forever.

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Deeper^✝

Chapter 1

The word of the LORD came to Joel, warning of a devastating locust invasion affecting the land. Joel calls on the elders and inhabitants to witness this unprecedented event and to pass the story to future generations. The locusts have destroyed crops, leaving the land desolate and the people mourning. He urges the priests to lament and call for a fast, as offerings to God have ceased. The day of the LORD is near, bringing destruction. The land suffers from drought, and even the animals are in distress due to the lack of food and water. Joel pleads to the LORD, recognizing the dire situation and the need for divine intervention.

Chapter 2

The text describes the Day of the LORD, a time of impending judgment characterized by darkness, gloom, and a powerful army that brings devastation. It calls for alarm in Zion, urging the inhabitants to tremble as this day approaches. The army is likened to fire, consuming everything in its path, and its appearance resembles war horses charging into battle. The earth quakes, and celestial bodies darken in response to the LORD’s voice, emphasizing the gravity of this day.

Despite the foreboding message, the LORD invites the people to return to Him with sincere repentance, promising mercy and blessings. A call to gather the community for fasting and prayer is made, imploring the priests to intercede for the people. The LORD expresses jealousy for His land and compassion for His people, assuring them of restoration and abundance after their suffering.

He promises to remove their enemies and bless the land with grain, wine, and oil, leading to joy and satisfaction. The text concludes with a prophetic promise of the outpouring of the Spirit on all people, resulting in visions and prophecies, and a declaration that everyone who calls on the name of the LORD will be saved, highlighting hope amidst judgment.

Chapter 3

In the passage, the LORD declares judgment on the nations for their mistreatment of Israel, promising to restore Judah and Jerusalem. He will gather the nations in the Valley of Jehoshaphat to hold them accountable for scattering His people and exploiting them. The LORD warns Tyre, Sidon, and Philistia of swift retribution for their actions, including selling the people of Judah into slavery. He calls for nations to prepare for war, emphasizing the urgency of judgment. The imagery of a harvest signifies the impending consequences of their evil. Ultimately, the LORD reassures His people of refuge and promises a glorious future for Judah and Jerusalem, where they will thrive, while their oppressors face desolation.

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^✝Deeper excerpt from NIV Application Commentary, One-Volume Edition.