Hebrews 1–6

Common Theme
Hebrews 1–6 presents Jesus Christ as God’s final and supreme revelation, superior to angels, Moses, and the Levitical priesthood. Because He is the perfect Son and High Priest, believers are urged to persevere in mature faith rather than drift back into unbelief.

Questions

1. What warnings in these chapters stand out most strongly, and why do you think they are repeated so often?
2. How does the portrayal of Jesus as High Priest reshape the way you understand access to God?

God Shot
God reveals Himself as the speaking God who has fully and finally made Himself known through His Son. He is faithful and unchanging, powerfully sustaining His people through a perfect High Priest who always intercedes for them.

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Deeper

Hebrews 1

The text discusses the supremacy of God’s Son, emphasizing that God has spoken through Him in the last days. The Son is described as the heir of all things, the creator of the world, and the exact representation of God’s nature. He is superior to angels, as evidenced by God’s declarations about Him. The text highlights the eternal nature of the Son, His role in creation, and His authority, contrasting Him with angels who serve as ministering spirits.

Hebrews 2

The text emphasizes the importance of paying close attention to the message of salvation to avoid drifting away. It highlights that the message, initially declared by the Lord and confirmed by witnesses, is significant, as neglecting it could lead to dire consequences. The passage discusses Jesus, who, though made lower than angels, is crowned with glory due to his suffering and death, which he endured for humanity’s salvation. It notes that Jesus shares in human experiences, becoming a merciful high priest who aids those facing temptation. Ultimately, the text underscores the connection between Jesus and believers, affirming his role in their salvation.

Hebrews 3

The text discusses the superiority of Jesus over Moses, highlighting that Jesus is faithful as a son in God’s house, while Moses served as a servant. It emphasizes the importance of holding onto faith and confidence in Christ. The passage warns against hardening hearts and falling into unbelief, referencing the Israelites’ rebellion during their wilderness journey. It stresses the need for daily encouragement among believers to avoid the deceitfulness of sin and to remain steadfast in faith, as those who rebelled were denied entry into God’s rest due to their disobedience.

Hebrews 4

The text emphasizes the importance of faith in entering God’s rest, warning against disobedience that led others to miss this promise. It references God’s rest on the seventh day and highlights that a Sabbath rest remains for believers. The passage encourages striving to enter this rest and acknowledges the power of God’s word, which discerns the heart’s intentions. It introduces Jesus as the Great High Priest, who empathizes with human weaknesses and invites believers to approach the throne of grace confidently to receive mercy and help in times of need.

Hebrews 5

The text discusses the role of a high priest, emphasizing that they are appointed by God to act on behalf of people, offering sacrifices for sins. It highlights Christ’s appointment as a high priest, referencing his prayers and obedience through suffering, which led to eternal salvation for those who obey him. The passage warns against spiritual immaturity, noting that believers should progress from basic teachings to deeper understanding, as maturity involves discernment between good and evil.

Hebrews 6

The text encourages believers to move beyond basic teachings of Christ towards spiritual maturity, emphasizing the importance of faith and good works. It warns that those who have experienced enlightenment and then fall away cannot easily return to repentance, as this would be akin to re-crucifying Christ. The passage contrasts fruitful land, which receives God’s blessing, with barren land destined for destruction. It reassures the faithful of God’s justice and their good works, urging them to maintain hope and diligence. The certainty of God’s promise to Abraham is highlighted, emphasizing His unchangeable purpose and the hope believers have through Jesus, their eternal high priest.

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1 Peter 1–5

Common Theme

Peter calls believers to live as a holy and hopeful people in a hostile world, grounded in their new identity through Christ and sustained by future glory. Suffering is not meaningless but is shaped by God to refine faith and display His grace and faithfulness.

Questions

• How does your identity as someone chosen and born again shape the way you respond to suffering or opposition?
• What does it look like to entrust yourself to God while living faithfully under pressure?

God Shot

God is a faithful and sovereign shepherd who guards His people and preserves their inheritance through every trial. He graciously calls, restores, confirms, strengthens, and establishes His people according to His eternal purpose in Christ.

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Deeper

1 Peter 1

The text is a letter from Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, addressing the elect exiles in various regions. He emphasizes the grace and peace from God and highlights the believers’ rebirth to a living hope through Jesus’ resurrection. This hope leads to an imperishable inheritance, safeguarded by God’s power. Peter encourages rejoicing despite trials, as they test faith, which is more valuable than gold. He notes that prophets foretold this salvation, which is now revealed through the Holy Spirit. Peter urges the recipients to prepare their minds, remain sober, and pursue holiness, reflecting God’s nature. He reminds them of their redemption through Christ’s blood and encourages sincere love among one another, emphasizing the enduring nature of God’s word compared to the fleeting nature of earthly life. The message concludes with the affirmation of the good news preached to them.

1 Peter 2

The text emphasizes the importance of spiritual growth and moral conduct among believers. It encourages individuals to discard negative traits such as malice and deceit, and to crave spiritual nourishment for salvation. Believers are likened to living stones, forming a spiritual house and a holy priesthood, with Christ as the cornerstone. It highlights the distinction between those who believe and those who do not, noting that believers are a chosen people who have received mercy. The text also urges submission to authority for the Lord’s sake, promoting honorable conduct to silence ignorance. It calls for respect towards all, including unjust masters, and encourages enduring suffering for doing good, following Christ’s example of righteousness and trust in God.

1 Peter 3

The text discusses the roles of wives and husbands, emphasizing that wives should be submissive to their husbands, demonstrating their faith through respectful conduct. It advises against focusing on external adornments, promoting inner beauty characterized by a gentle spirit. Husbands are instructed to honor their wives, recognizing their equal status as heirs of grace. The passage encourages unity, sympathy, and love among all, urging individuals to respond to evil with blessings and to seek peace. It reassures that suffering for righteousness is a blessing and emphasizes the importance of honoring Christ and being prepared to defend one’s faith with gentleness. The text concludes with a reference to Christ’s suffering and the significance of baptism.

1 Peter 4

The text discusses the importance of suffering as a Christian and living according to God’s will. It encourages believers to adopt a mindset similar to Christ’s, ceasing from sin and living for God’s purpose rather than human desires. The passage highlights the need for self-control, love, and hospitality among believers, emphasizing the use of spiritual gifts to serve one another. It reassures Christians not to be surprised by trials but to rejoice in sharing Christ’s sufferings. The text concludes by urging those who suffer for their faith to trust in God while doing good, reminding them of the judgment that begins with the household of God.

1 Peter 5

The text encourages elders to shepherd the flock of God willingly and eagerly, setting a positive example rather than dominating. It emphasizes humility, urging younger members to respect elders and reminding all to cast their anxieties on God. Believers are warned to be vigilant against the devil and to resist him with faith, knowing others share in their suffering. After enduring hardships, God will restore and strengthen them. The letter concludes with greetings and a wish for peace among those in Christ.

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Titus 1–3

Common Theme
Paul instructs Titus to establish sound leadership and healthy doctrine that produces godly living within the church. True faith in God’s saving grace is shown through transformed lives marked by integrity, good works, and hope in God’s promises.

Questions

• How does sound doctrine shape both leadership and everyday behavior in the church according to Titus?
• What contrasts does Paul draw between a life changed by grace and one that merely claims belief?

God Shot
God is a Savior who acts decisively in grace, not because of human righteousness but because of His mercy. He reveals Himself as truthful, faithful to His promises, and committed to renewing people through the Holy Spirit.

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Deeper

Titus 1

Paul, a servant of God and apostle of Jesus Christ, addresses Titus, emphasizing the importance of faith and knowledge of the truth. He instructs Titus to appoint elders in Crete, highlighting their qualifications, such as being above reproach, self-controlled, and disciplined. Paul warns against insubordinate individuals and false teachers, urging that they be silenced to protect families from harmful teachings. He notes the negative reputation of Cretans and stresses the need for sharp rebuke to ensure sound faith, as those who deny God through their actions are deemed unfit for good work.

Titus 2

Teach sound doctrine by instructing older men to be sober-minded and self-controlled, and older women to be reverent and teach young women to love their families. Encourage younger men to be self-controlled and serve as a model of good works. Bondservants should be submissive and trustworthy. The grace of God brings salvation, training believers to renounce ungodliness and live godly lives while awaiting Christ’s return. Declare these teachings with authority.

Titus 3

The text emphasizes the importance of being submissive to authorities, ready for good works, and exhibiting gentleness and courtesy. It reflects on past foolishness and highlights salvation through God’s mercy, not personal righteousness. Believers are encouraged to focus on good works and avoid unprofitable disputes. Those who cause division should be warned and then avoided. The author also requests the recipients to join him in Nicopolis and to support fellow workers, while sending greetings and wishing grace to all.

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1 Timothy 1-6

Common Theme
Paul instructs Timothy on guarding sound doctrine and leading the church with godly character, order, and faithfulness in a corrupt cultural context. True gospel life flows from sincere faith, a clear conscience, and devotion to Christ rather than false teaching or external religiosity.

Questions

• What does this letter reveal about the connection between doctrine and daily conduct in the life of the church?
• Where is the tension between genuine godliness and mere outward religion most evident today?

God Shot
God is a merciful Savior who delights in transforming sinners through grace rather than condemning them through the law. He is worthy of honor and trust, sustaining His church by truth, order, and faithful leaders until the appearing of Christ.

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Deeper

1 Timothy 1

Paul, an apostle of Christ, addresses Timothy, urging him to stay in Ephesus to combat false teachings and myths that distract from faith. He emphasizes that the law is meant for the lawless and highlights the importance of love stemming from a pure heart and sincere faith. Paul reflects on his past as a blasphemer and persecutor, expressing gratitude for the mercy and grace he received from Christ, who came to save sinners. He entrusts Timothy with a charge to maintain faith and a good conscience, warning against those who have strayed from their faith, specifically naming Hymenaeus and Alexander, whom he has delivered to Satan for correction.

1 Timothy 2

The text urges prayers and thanksgivings for all people, including leaders, to promote a peaceful life. It emphasizes that God desires all to be saved and acknowledges Christ Jesus as the sole mediator. Instructions are given for men to pray without anger and for women to dress modestly and learn quietly, with a prohibition on teaching men. The text references the creation order and the role of women in faith.

1 Timothy 3

The text outlines the qualifications for overseers and deacons in the church. Overseers must be above reproach, faithful in marriage, self-controlled, hospitable, able to teach, and manage their households well. They should not be recent converts or fall into disgrace. Deacons must also be dignified, not double-tongued, and manage their households effectively. Both roles require integrity and a clear conscience in faith. The text emphasizes the importance of behavior within the church, which is described as the pillar of truth, highlighting the mystery of godliness.

1 Timothy 4

The Spirit warns that in later times, some will abandon their faith, influenced by deceitful spirits and false teachings. These teachings include prohibitions on marriage and certain foods, which God created to be enjoyed. Everything created by God is good and should be received with gratitude. To be a good servant of Christ, one must focus on sound doctrine, avoid myths, and train for godliness. Believers should set a positive example, engage in Scripture reading, and practice their gifts diligently to benefit themselves and others.

1 Timothy 5

The text provides instructions for the church regarding the treatment of various individuals, emphasizing respect and encouragement. Older men should be treated like fathers, younger men as brothers, and women accordingly. It stresses the importance of honoring true widows, encouraging families to care for their own, and highlighting the significance of good works. Younger widows are advised against enrollment due to potential distractions from faith. Elders who lead well deserve honor, and accusations against them require multiple witnesses. The text warns against hasty actions and urges purity. It concludes by noting that both sins and good works are ultimately revealed, emphasizing accountability within the community.

1 Timothy 6

The text advises bondservants to honor their masters to uphold God’s name and teachings. It warns against false teachers who deviate from sound doctrine, emphasizing that godliness combined with contentment is valuable. The desire for wealth leads to temptation and destruction, as the love of money is linked to various evils. Believers are encouraged to pursue righteousness, faith, and gentleness, and to fight for their faith while remaining steadfast. The rich are cautioned against pride and reliance on wealth, urging them to do good and share generously. Timothy is instructed to protect the teachings he has received and to avoid false knowledge that can lead to a loss of faith. The text concludes with a blessing of grace.

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Philippians 1–4

Common Theme

Paul presents a Christ-centered life marked by joy, humility, unity, and perseverance that is grounded in the gospel rather than circumstances. True contentment and spiritual strength flow from knowing Christ and living under His lordship.

Questions

• How does Paul redefine joy and success in light of suffering and opposition?
• What does it look like for a community to live with the humility and mindset of Christ?

God Shot

God is sovereignly at work to advance the gospel, even through hardship, opposition, and human weakness. He is the gracious giver of peace and strength, sustaining His people by His presence and power in every circumstance.

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Deeper

Ephesians 1

Paul and Timothy address the saints in Philippi, wishing them grace and peace from God. Paul expresses gratitude for their partnership in the gospel and confidence that God will complete the good work He began in them. He yearns for them with the affection of Christ and prays for their love to grow in knowledge and discernment. Paul shares that his imprisonment has advanced the gospel, encouraging others to speak boldly about Christ. He acknowledges mixed motives among those preaching Christ but rejoices that Christ is proclaimed. Paul reflects on his desire to live for Christ or to depart and be with Him, ultimately deciding to remain for the sake of the Philippians’ progress in faith. He urges them to live in a manner worthy of the gospel, standing firm in unity and not fearing their opponents, as their suffering is a sign of salvation.

Ephesians 2

The text emphasizes Christ’s humility and encourages believers to adopt a similar mindset. It calls for unity, love, and selflessness, urging individuals to prioritize others’ interests over their own. Christ, though divine, humbled himself by becoming a servant and obediently accepting death on the cross, leading to his exaltation by God. Believers are encouraged to work out their salvation with reverence, shining as lights in a corrupt world while holding onto the word of life. The author expresses a desire to send Timothy, who genuinely cares for the Philippians, and mentions Epaphroditus, who risked his life for the gospel. The text concludes with a call to honor those who serve faithfully in the work of Christ.

Ephesians 3

The text emphasizes the importance of righteousness through faith in Christ rather than reliance on personal achievements or the law. The author encourages believers to rejoice in the Lord and warns against false teachers. He reflects on his own background, noting that despite his accomplishments, he considers them loss compared to knowing Christ. The goal is to attain resurrection and share in Christ’s sufferings. The author stresses the need to forget past achievements and focus on the future, urging maturity in faith and imitation of Christ’s example. Ultimately, believers are reminded that their true citizenship is in heaven, awaiting transformation by Jesus Christ.

Ephesians 4

The passage encourages unity and joy among believers, specifically addressing Euodia and Syntyche to reconcile. It emphasizes rejoicing in the Lord, being reasonable, and presenting requests to God through prayer, promising peace in return. The author urges the readers to focus on virtuous thoughts and to practice what they have learned from him. He expresses gratitude for the Philippians’ support, acknowledging their concern and generosity, while also stating he has learned contentment in all circumstances. The passage concludes with greetings to the saints and a blessing of grace from the Lord Jesus Christ.

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Ephesians 1–6

Common Theme
God’s eternal plan unites all things in Christ, forming a redeemed people who live in light of their new identity. This identity is expressed through unity, holiness, love, and spiritual perseverance empowered by God’s strength.

Questions

• How does understanding your identity in Christ shape the way you relate to others in the church and home?
• What does it look like to rely daily on God’s strength rather than your own?

God Shot
God reveals Himself as the sovereign planner and gracious giver who accomplishes redemption according to His will and pleasure. He powerfully works in and through His people, equipping them with His own strength to stand firm against spiritual opposition.

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Deeper

Ephesians 1

Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus, addresses the saints in Ephesus, wishing them grace and peace from God. He praises God for blessing believers with every spiritual blessing in Christ, chosen before the world’s foundation to be holy and blameless. God predestined believers for adoption through Jesus, leading to redemption and forgiveness of sins. Paul emphasizes the mystery of God’s will to unite all things in Christ and the inheritance believers have through Him. He expresses gratitude for their faith and love, praying for their enlightenment and understanding of God’s hope, inheritance, and power, which is exemplified in Christ’s resurrection and authority over all.

Ephesians 2

The text discusses the transformation from spiritual death to life through God’s grace and faith in Christ. It emphasizes that all were once lost in sin but are made alive with Christ, highlighting salvation as a gift from God, not based on works. The passage also addresses the unity of Gentiles and Jews in Christ, breaking down barriers and creating peace. Believers are no longer outsiders but fellow citizens and members of God’s household, built on the foundation of apostles and prophets, with Christ as the cornerstone. Together, they form a holy temple, a dwelling place for God through the Spirit.

Ephesians 3

In this passage, Paul, a prisoner for Christ, reveals the mystery of the Gospel, emphasizing that Gentiles are now fellow heirs and partakers of the promise in Christ. He describes his role as a minister of this grace, tasked with preaching the unsearchable riches of Christ and illuminating God’s hidden plan. Paul prays for spiritual strength for believers, asking that they be empowered by the Spirit and rooted in love, enabling them to comprehend the vastness of Christ’s love. He concludes with a doxology, praising God for His ability to do more than we can imagine, deserving glory forever.

Ephesians 4

The text emphasizes the importance of unity within the Body of Christ, urging believers to live in humility, gentleness, and love while maintaining the Spirit’s unity. It highlights the oneness of the body, Spirit, Lord, faith, and baptism, and acknowledges the grace given to each individual according to Christ’s gifts. The passage discusses the roles of apostles, prophets, evangelists, shepherds, and teachers in equipping the saints for ministry and building up the body of Christ towards maturity. It contrasts the new life in Christ with the former way of living, encouraging believers to put off their old selves and embrace righteousness and holiness. The text calls for honesty, kindness, and forgiveness among members, warning against anger and corrupt speech, and emphasizes the importance of not grieving the Holy Spirit.

Ephesians 5

The text emphasizes the importance of walking in love and imitating God, urging believers to avoid sexual immorality, impurity, and covetousness. It encourages thanksgiving instead of crude talk and warns that those who engage in sinful behaviors will not inherit the kingdom of God. Believers are called to live as children of light, exposing darkness and understanding the will of the Lord. The passage also addresses relationships, instructing wives to submit to their husbands as the church submits to Christ, and husbands to love their wives sacrificially, mirroring Christ’s love for the church. The text concludes by highlighting the profound mystery of marriage, where a man and woman become one flesh, and emphasizes mutual love and respect within the marital relationship.

Ephesians 6

The text emphasizes the importance of obedience and respect within family and work relationships. Children are instructed to honor their parents, while fathers are advised not to provoke their children but to raise them with discipline and instruction. Bondservants are encouraged to serve their earthly masters sincerely, as if serving Christ, while masters are reminded to treat their bondservants fairly. The passage also discusses the necessity of spiritual strength and armor to withstand evil forces, highlighting the importance of truth, righteousness, faith, and prayer. Finally, it includes greetings and encouragement from Paul, wishing peace and grace to the recipients.

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Colossians 1–4; Philemon 1

Common Theme

Christ is supreme over all creation and sufficient for salvation, reconciliation, and transformed living. This supremacy reshapes relationships, community life, and even social bonds through grace and redemption.

Questions

• How does Paul’s presentation of Christ’s supremacy confront incomplete or distorted views of Jesus?
• What does reconciliation in Christ look like when applied to broken or unequal relationships, as seen in Philemon?

God Shot

God reveals Himself as the sovereign reconciler who, through Christ, brings all things into right relationship with Himself. He delights in restoring what is broken, uniting people to Himself and to one another through the power and authority of His Son.

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Deeper

Colossians 1

Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus, addresses the saints in Colossae, expressing gratitude for their faith and love, which stem from their hope in heaven. He emphasizes the importance of the gospel, which has spread globally and is bearing fruit. Paul prays for the Colossians to gain spiritual wisdom and understanding, enabling them to live in a way that pleases God and strengthens them with His power. He highlights Christ’s preeminence, stating that all creation exists through Him and for Him, and that He reconciles all things to Himself. Paul acknowledges his role in the church, rejoicing in his sufferings for their sake and revealing the mystery of Christ, which brings hope to the Gentiles. He is committed to teaching and warning everyone to present them mature in Christ, relying on God’s energy working within him.

Colossians 2

The text expresses the Apostle Paul’s struggle for the believers in Colossae and Laodicea, emphasizing the importance of unity, love, and understanding of God’s mystery, which is Christ. Paul encourages them to remain steadfast in their faith and warns against being misled by deceptive philosophies and human traditions. He highlights that in Christ, the fullness of deity resides, and believers are made alive through Him, having their sins forgiven. Paul advises against allowing others to judge them based on dietary laws or religious observances, stating these are merely shadows of what is to come, with true substance found in Christ. He cautions that self-imposed regulations lack value in combating sinful desires.

Colossians 3

The text emphasizes the importance of spiritual renewal and living a life aligned with Christ. Believers are encouraged to focus on heavenly things, putting to death earthly behaviors such as immorality and anger. They are called to embrace virtues like compassion, kindness, humility, and patience, and to forgive others as God has forgiven them. Love is highlighted as the unifying force among these qualities. The passage also provides guidance for Christian households, urging wives to submit to their husbands, husbands to love their wives, children to obey their parents, and servants to work sincerely for their masters. Ultimately, all actions should be done in the name of the Lord, with gratitude.

Colossians 4

Masters should treat their bondservants justly, knowing they have a Master in heaven. Believers are encouraged to pray steadfastly with thanksgiving and to pray for opportunities to share the message of Christ. They should act wisely towards outsiders and speak graciously. Tychicus and Onesimus will provide updates on Paul’s situation, while other fellow workers, including Aristarchus, Mark, and Epaphras, send greetings. Paul emphasizes the importance of fulfilling one’s ministry and instructs that his letter be shared with the Laodicean church. He concludes with a personal greeting and a reminder of his chains.

Philemon 1

Paul, a prisoner for Christ, addresses Philemon, Apphia, Archippus, and the church in Philemon’s home, wishing them grace and peace. He expresses gratitude for Philemon’s love and faith, noting the joy and comfort derived from his actions. Paul appeals to Philemon regarding Onesimus, a former servant who has become useful during Paul’s imprisonment. He requests Philemon to receive Onesimus not just as a servant but as a beloved brother. Paul offers to repay any debts Onesimus may have and expresses confidence in Philemon’s obedience. He concludes with greetings from fellow workers and a blessing of grace.

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Acts 27–28

Common Theme

God sovereignly preserves His gospel mission and His servant despite overwhelming danger, opposition, and uncertainty. Paul’s journey to Rome shows that God’s promises stand firm even through storms, suffering, and apparent setbacks.

Questions

• How does Paul’s confidence in God shape his response to fear and chaos during the storm and shipwreck?
• What do these chapters reveal about trusting God’s purposes when circumstances appear out of control?

God Shot

God is sovereign and faithful to accomplish His purposes, preserving Paul’s life exactly as He promised despite human failure and natural disaster. He rules over storms, nations, and outcomes, ensuring that His word and mission cannot be thwarted.

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Deeper

Acts 27

Paul and other prisoners were put on a ship bound for Italy, accompanied by a centurion named Julius and a Macedonian named Aristarchus. After a difficult journey, they reached Fair Havens, where Paul warned that continuing the voyage would lead to danger and loss. Ignoring his advice, they set sail but soon encountered a violent storm. The crew struggled to secure the ship and jettisoned cargo to stay afloat. After days of despair, Paul reassured them, claiming an angel had told him they would be safe, though the ship would be lost.

As they neared land, the sailors feared running aground and attempted to escape. Paul insisted that everyone must stay on the ship to survive, leading the soldiers to cut the lifeboat’s ropes. On the fourteenth day, Paul encouraged the crew to eat, assuring them of their safety. After eating, they lightened the ship by throwing wheat overboard.

When daylight came, they spotted a bay and attempted to reach the shore but struck a reef. The soldiers planned to kill the prisoners to prevent escape, but Julius intervened to save Paul. He ordered those who could swim to jump overboard, while others used planks to reach land. Ultimately, all 276 people aboard were safely brought to shore.

Acts 28

After safely arriving on the island of Malta, Paul and his companions were welcomed by the locals, who showed them kindness by starting a fire due to the cold rain. While gathering sticks, a viper bit Paul, leading the locals to initially believe he was a murderer. However, when he suffered no harm, they changed their minds and thought he was a god. Paul then healed Publius’s sick father, which led to many others on the island being cured. After three months, they set sail for Rome, stopping at various locations along the way. Upon arriving in Rome, Paul was allowed to stay under guard and called the local Jewish leaders to explain his situation. He expressed that he had done nothing wrong but was imprisoned due to Jewish objections. The leaders had not received any negative reports about him and were curious to hear his views. Paul preached about the kingdom of God, convincing some while others disbelieved. He quoted Isaiah, indicating that salvation was also for the Gentiles. Paul lived in Rome for two years, teaching about Jesus Christ boldly and without hindrance.

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Acts 24–26

Common Theme
Paul repeatedly bears witness to the gospel before governors and kings, showing that the message of Christ advances even through unjust trials and political delay. God sovereignly uses human courts to place His truth before powerful rulers who would not otherwise hear it.

Questions

• What stands out about how Paul frames his defense and testimony before Felix, Festus, and Agrippa?
• How do the varied responses of these leaders reveal different reactions to the same truth?

God Shot
God is sovereign over human authority and uses earthly power structures to accomplish His redemptive purposes. He persistently brings truth to light, ensuring that His gospel is proclaimed to all levels of society, from prisoners to kings.

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Deeper

Acts 24

After five days, High Priest Ananias and others presented their case against Paul to Governor Felix, with Tertullus accusing Paul of being a troublemaker and a leader of the Nazarenes. Paul defended himself, stating he had not caused any disturbances in Jerusalem and that the accusations were unfounded. He acknowledged his faith in God and the resurrection, asserting his actions were in line with Jewish beliefs. Felix, familiar with the Way, postponed the decision until the arrival of Lysias, allowing Paul some freedom while in custody. Later, Felix and his wife Drusilla listened to Paul discuss faith in Christ, but Felix, feeling alarmed, dismissed him, hoping for a bribe. After two years, Felix left Paul imprisoned to appease the Jews, being succeeded by Porcius Festus.

Acts 25

After Festus arrived in the province, the chief priests and Jewish leaders sought to have Paul transferred to Jerusalem, intending to ambush and kill him. Festus refused, stating that Paul was in Caesarea and would be tried there. When Paul was brought before Festus, he defended himself against the unproven charges, asserting he had committed no offense against Jewish law, the temple, or Caesar. Festus, wanting to appease the Jews, offered to send Paul to Jerusalem for trial, but Paul insisted on being tried before Caesar, appealing to his rights as a Roman citizen. Festus agreed to this appeal. Later, King Agrippa and Bernice visited Festus, who presented Paul’s case, explaining that the accusations were religious disputes rather than criminal charges. Agrippa expressed interest in hearing Paul, and Festus noted he had no clear charges to present to the emperor, prompting the need for Agrippa’s examination of Paul to provide a basis for his report.

Acts 26

In his defense before King Agrippa, Paul expresses gratitude for the opportunity to speak, emphasizing his familiarity with Jewish customs and controversies. He recounts his life as a Pharisee and his hope in God’s promise, which is the basis for the accusations against him. Paul reflects on his past, detailing his zealous persecution of Christians, including imprisoning and voting for their execution. He describes a transformative experience on the road to Damascus, where he encountered a divine light and heard Jesus’ voice, calling him to be a servant and witness. Paul explains his mission to open the eyes of both Jews and Gentiles, urging repentance and faith in God. Despite his testimony, Festus accuses Paul of madness due to his extensive learning. Paul insists he speaks rationally and directly addresses Agrippa, questioning his belief in the prophets. Agrippa responds, suggesting Paul is trying to persuade him to become a Christian. Paul expresses his desire for all listeners to share his faith, except for his chains. After the hearing, Agrippa and others conclude that Paul has done nothing deserving of death or imprisonment, noting he could have been released if he hadn’t appealed to Caesar.

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Acts 20 to 23

Common Theme

Paul moves toward Jerusalem with unwavering resolve, trusting God even as opposition intensifies. Across these chapters, God’s sovereign hand directs events so that Paul’s witness continues before both Jews and Gentiles.

Questions

• What stands out about Paul’s courage and clarity when facing hostility?
• How do these chapters shape your understanding of God’s control over difficult circumstances?

God Shot

God shows Himself as the One who protects His servants so His purpose moves forward. He oversees every moment of Paul’s journey, ensuring that no plot or power can derail His plan.

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Deeper

Acts 20

After the uproar in Macedonia, Paul encouraged his disciples and departed for Macedonia, then Greece, where he spent three months. A plot against him by the Jews prompted him to return through Macedonia. He was accompanied by several disciples and they sailed to Troas, where Paul spoke until midnight. A young man named Eutychus fell from a window and was presumed dead, but Paul revived him. After staying in Troas for seven days, Paul continued his journey, intending to reach Jerusalem by Pentecost. He called the elders of the church from Ephesus to Miletus, reminding them of his humble service and dedication to teaching the gospel. Paul expressed his commitment to his ministry despite knowing that imprisonment awaited him in Jerusalem. He warned the elders about future challenges, including false teachers arising from within their ranks. Paul emphasized the importance of vigilance and care for the church, which was obtained through Christ’s sacrifice. He shared that he had not coveted anyone’s possessions and had worked hard to support himself and others. After his farewell, Paul prayed with the elders, leading to emotional goodbyes as they realized they would not see him again. They accompanied him to the ship, filled with sorrow.

Acts 21

In this passage, Paul embarks on a journey to Jerusalem, stopping at various locations including Tyre and Caesarea, where he receives warnings from disciples and a prophet named Agabus about the dangers he will face in Jerusalem. Despite their pleas, Paul insists he is prepared to face imprisonment or death for the sake of Jesus. Upon arriving in Jerusalem, he is warmly welcomed by the believers and meets with James and the elders, sharing the successes of his ministry among the Gentiles. However, they express concern about rumors that Paul teaches Jews to abandon the law. To counter this, they suggest he participate in a purification ritual with four men under a vow, which Paul agrees to do.

While in the temple, Paul is recognized by Jews from Asia, who falsely accuse him of defiling the temple by bringing Greeks inside. This incites a violent uproar, leading to his arrest by Roman soldiers. The tribune, confused by the chaos, orders Paul to be taken to the barracks for safety. As he is being led away, Paul requests to speak to the crowd, revealing his identity as a Jew from Tarsus and seeking permission to address them in Hebrew, setting the stage for his defense.

Acts 22

In this passage, Paul addresses a crowd, speaking in Hebrew, and recounts his background as a Jew from Tarsus, educated under Gamaliel. He describes his zealous persecution of Christians, detailing his journey to Damascus to imprison believers. On the way, he experiences a divine encounter with a bright light and hears Jesus asking why he is persecuting Him. Blinded by the light, Paul is led to Damascus, where Ananias restores his sight and tells him he is chosen to witness for Jesus. After returning to Jerusalem, Paul is warned by Jesus to leave quickly due to the rejection he would face. The crowd reacts violently to his mention of being sent to the Gentiles, demanding his removal. The Roman tribune intervenes, intending to examine Paul through flogging. When Paul reveals his Roman citizenship, the tribune is alarmed, realizing he has bound an uncondemned citizen. The next day, the tribune seeks to understand the accusations against Paul by convening the chief priests and council.

Acts 23

In this passage, Paul addresses the council, asserting his good conscience before God. The high priest Ananias orders Paul to be struck, to which Paul responds with a rebuke, unaware that Ananias is the high priest. Recognizing the division between the Sadducees and Pharisees, Paul declares his Pharisaic identity and the basis of his trial concerning the resurrection, leading to a heated dispute among the council members. Fearing for Paul’s safety, the tribune intervenes and takes him to the barracks. That night, the Lord reassures Paul, indicating he will testify in Rome.

The next day, a group of over forty Jews conspires to kill Paul, vowing not to eat or drink until they succeed. They plan to deceive the tribune into bringing Paul to them. However, Paul’s nephew learns of the plot and informs him. Paul then instructs a centurion to take the young man to the tribune, who is warned of the ambush.

To ensure Paul’s safety, the tribune organizes a large escort to transfer him to Governor Felix in Caesarea, writing a letter explaining the situation. Upon arrival, Felix agrees to hear the case when Paul’s accusers arrive, ordering him to be held in Herod’s praetorium.

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