Acts 13–14

Common Theme
God expands the gospel to both Jews and Gentiles through the Spirit-led mission of Paul and Barnabas, advancing His purposes despite opposition and suffering. The message of salvation is confirmed by courage, endurance, and divine signs.

Questions

• What can I learn from Paul and Barnabas’s response to rejection and persecution?
• Where might God be calling me to step forward in faith despite resistance?

God Shot
God is a sending God who actively directs and empowers His servants by the Holy Spirit to carry His truth to the nations. He confirms His Word with power and sustains His mission even in the face of intense opposition.

Deeper^✝

Acts 13

A missionary team consisting of Saul, Barnabas, and John Mark is sent out from Antioch, following a directive from the Holy Spirit during a time of worship and fasting. Barnabas, a leader from the Jerusalem church, is mentioned first, indicating his prominence. The team includes diverse members, such as Simeon, Lucius, and Manaen, highlighting the church’s multicultural nature. The church’s commitment to prayer and fasting underscores the seriousness of their mission.

The missionaries first travel to Cyprus, starting their ministry in Salamis, where they preach in synagogues. They later encounter a Gentile official, Sergius Paulus, in Paphos, where they confront a sorcerer named Elymas, who opposes their message. Saul, now referred to as Paul, rebukes Elymas, demonstrating the prophetic power of the Holy Spirit. This confrontation leads to the conversion of Sergius Paulus, who is impressed by the miracle and the teachings of the Lord.

The text emphasizes the importance of missions, urging the church to release its key leaders for this purpose, regardless of their status. It challenges contemporary views on success, suggesting that God often calls ordinary people to significant tasks. The narrative encourages a reevaluation of priorities, advocating for a greater focus on missions and the willingness to support those called to serve, regardless of societal perceptions of success.

Acts 13:13–52 describes Paul and Barnabas’s missionary journey in Pisidian Antioch, highlighting significant changes in their leadership roles and the dynamics of their ministry. Paul emerges as the prominent figure, while John Mark departs, which Paul later views as a desertion. The narrative details Paul’s sermon in the synagogue, where he addresses both Jews and God-fearers, emphasizing how God’s historical actions culminated in Jesus as the promised Savior. He outlines Israel’s history, linking it to Jesus’s lineage and the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies regarding his death and resurrection. Paul offers forgiveness and justification through faith, warning against rejecting God’s salvation.

The aftermath of the sermon sees a mixed response; many Jews and converts show interest, but jealousy arises among some Jews, leading to opposition. Paul and Barnabas assert their mission to the Gentiles when faced with rejection from the Jews. Despite the hostility, the Gentiles receive the message joyfully, and the new believers are filled with joy and the Holy Spirit. The chapter concludes with Paul and Barnabas shaking the dust off their feet as they leave, symbolizing their rejection of the unresponsive Jews.

The text also discusses contemporary challenges in evangelism, such as pluralism, technological distractions, and an overemphasis on experience over truth. It emphasizes the need for a balanced approach that combines the power of the Spirit with a deep understanding of the gospel’s truth, ensuring that believers can endure difficult times and maintain joy in their faith.

Acts 14

Acts 14:1–28 describes the ministry of Paul and Barnabas in Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe. In Iconium, they preached in the synagogue, gaining both Jewish and Gentile followers, but faced opposition from non-believing Jews, leading them to flee to Lystra and Derbe. In Lystra, they healed a crippled man, which caused the locals to mistake them for gods, prompting Paul to redirect their worship to the true God, the Creator. Despite their efforts, Jews from Antioch and Iconium incited violence against them, resulting in Paul being stoned. However, new believers supported him, and they continued to Derbe, where they made many disciples.

On their return journey, Paul and Barnabas revisited the cities where they had ministered, focusing on strengthening and encouraging the new believers. They warned them about the hardships they would face in their faith and appointed elders to lead the new churches. Their journey concluded with a return to Antioch, where they reported their mission’s success and spent time with the disciples.

The text emphasizes the importance of preparing believers for suffering as part of their faith journey. Paul and Barnabas’ exhortations included resisting false teachings and living a life of love and commitment. The narrative highlights the need for credible leadership, as Paul’s own sufferings lent weight to his messages. The chapter underscores the significance of discipleship and the establishment of church leadership in nurturing faith among new believers.

^✝Deeper summary excerpt from NIV Application Commentary, One-Volume Edition.

Acts 11 to 12

Common Theme
God advances His mission through the Spirit’s leading even in the face of persecution. He grows the church among the Gentiles and proves His sovereignty by rescuing His people and humbling those who oppose Him.

Questions

• How do these chapters challenge your assumptions about who is included in the reach of the gospel?
• What do you observe about God’s sovereignty in both deliverance and judgment?

God Shot
These chapters reveal God as the sovereign Lord who is unstoppable in carrying out His purposes. He delights in saving, guiding, and protecting His people while bringing down human pride that attempts to stand against Him.

Deeper^✝

Acts 11

The church ultimately praises God for this revelation, acknowledging a new principle regarding Gentiles. The text highlights the challenges faced by those introducing change within the church, drawing parallels to historical figures like William Booth and modern evangelicals who encounter criticism for their innovative approaches. It underscores the importance of gaining communal approval for new directions while cautioning against alienation from traditional beliefs.

Acts 11:19-30 describes the early church’s expansion, particularly the conversion of Gentiles in Antioch. Initially, the message was shared only with Jews, but some from Cyprus and Cyrene began preaching to Greeks as well. Antioch, a significant city in the Roman Empire with a large Jewish population, was known for its cosmopolitan nature and lax morals. The Jerusalem church sent Barnabas, a respected figure known for his encouragement and godliness, to investigate the developments in Antioch. He recognized the grace of God at work and encouraged the new believers to remain steadfast in their faith. Barnabas, realizing the need for further teaching, sought out Saul (Paul) to assist him, leading to a year-long teaching ministry in Antioch. It was here that the disciples were first called "Christians," a term likely coined by the local population.

Additionally, a prophecy from Agabus foretold a famine during Emperor Claudius’s reign, prompting the Antioch church to send aid to the Jerusalem church, showcasing their missionary spirit. This reversal of roles highlighted the growing significance of the Antioch church in the early Christian mission. The passage emphasizes that significant contributions to the church often come from unknown individuals rather than prominent figures, reminding believers that faithfulness to God’s calling is what truly matters, regardless of public recognition.

Acts 12

Acts 12:1–24 describes the persecution of early Christians under King Herod Agrippa I, who executed James and imprisoned Peter to gain favor with the Jews. This marked a significant deterioration in Jewish-Christian relations. The irony of Peter’s imprisonment during Passover, a time of celebration for Jewish deliverance, contrasts with the church’s fervent prayers for his release. Despite their earnest prayers, the church initially disbelieves Peter’s miraculous escape, highlighting their lack of faith. Peter’s desire to inform James of his release indicates James’s leadership role in the church.

Herod’s reaction to Peter’s escape is to execute the guards, reflecting his need to restore his image after humiliation. Following this, Herod receives flattery from delegates of Tyre and Sidon, but his death, described as a gruesome irony, underscores the contrast between his outward glory and inner decay. The chapter concludes with a report of the church’s growth, emphasizing that despite hostility, the gospel continues to spread.

The application section discusses God’s sovereignty in times of trouble, illustrating various responses Christians may have to crises, from miraculous deliverance to compromised faith. Ultimately, the text emphasizes the importance of obedience to God, as the early church remained committed to proclaiming the gospel despite threats, demonstrating their faith in God’s sovereignty and purpose.

A missionary team consisting of Saul, Barnabas, and John Mark is sent out from Antioch, following a directive from the Holy Spirit during a time of worship and fasting. Barnabas, a leader from the Jerusalem church, is mentioned first, indicating his prominence. The team includes diverse members, such as Simeon, Lucius, and Manaen, highlighting the church’s multicultural nature. The church’s commitment to prayer and fasting underscores the seriousness of their mission.

^✝Deeper summary excerpt from NIV Application Commentary, One-Volume Edition.

Acts 9-10

Common Theme

God overturns human expectations by transforming enemies into servants and extending salvation to those once considered outsiders. His work shows that no boundary, tradition, or past failure can limit His redemptive purpose.

Questions

• Where do I still assume God works only within familiar boundaries?
• How does Saul’s transformation challenge my assumptions about who God can redeem?

God Shot

God is the initiator who seeks, confronts, and transforms, revealing His authority to rewrite any story. He is the impartial Lord who welcomes the nations into His family because His mercy is not constrained by human categories.

Deeper^✝

Acts 9

Acts 9:1–31 narrates the dramatic conversion of Saul, a fervent persecutor of Christians. Initially described as vehement in his actions against the church, Saul’s zeal stemmed from his strict adherence to Jewish traditions. His journey to Damascus to arrest Christians is interrupted by a divine encounter with a bright light and a voice, which leads him to realize the truth of Jesus’ resurrection. Blinded by this revelation, Saul spends three days fasting and praying, indicating his repentance and desire for spiritual enlightenment.

Ananias, a disciple, is instructed by God to minister to Saul despite his initial fears due to Saul’s notorious reputation. Ananias obeys, healing Saul and affirming his new identity as a follower of Christ, while also revealing that Saul will suffer for the name of Jesus. Following this, Saul begins preaching in the synagogues of Damascus, quickly facing opposition and threats to his life, leading to his escape.

After a period of three years, Saul returns to Jerusalem, where he struggles to gain acceptance among the disciples. Barnabas advocates for him, allowing Saul to meet the apostles and share his experiences. Saul’s bold preaching in Jerusalem also incites hostility, prompting another escape to Tarsus.

The chapter concludes with a report of a healthy and growing church, emphasizing the importance of leading others to a personal encounter with Jesus, as exemplified by Saul’s transformative experience. The narrative highlights the ongoing mission of evangelism and the necessity of personal relationships with God.

Acts 9:32–43 describes Peter’s pastoral role among the early Christians in Palestine, emphasizing his healing ministry. The term "hagioi," meaning "holy people," is used to refer to the collective body of believers rather than individuals, highlighting the communal aspect of faith. Peter performs two notable healings: Aeneas, a paralytic from Lydda, and Tabitha, a devoted servant to the needy from Joppa. Both miracles underscore Christ as the healer, leading many to believe in the Lord.

Tabitha’s death prompts urgent action to summon Peter, who arrives to find mourners grieving her loss. He follows Jesus’ example in raising the dead, demonstrating his authority and compassion. Peter’s stay at Simon the tanner’s house, a profession viewed as unclean, illustrates his willingness to engage with those marginalized by society.

The passage does not explicitly mention preaching, focusing instead on acts of service and healing. The text raises contemporary questions about seeking prayer from church leaders versus local congregations, advocating for a balance between community support and recognizing individuals with special gifts of healing. It warns against "panic praying," where individuals excessively seek prayers without grounding their faith in God’s will. The narrative encourages trust in God’s plans, even when prayers seem unanswered, and acknowledges reports of miraculous events, such as raising the dead, in some modern contexts. Overall, it emphasizes faith, community, and the importance of understanding God’s greater purpose in times of need.

Acts 10

Acts 10:1–33 narrates the pivotal encounter between Peter and Cornelius, a Roman centurion in Caesarea. Cornelius, described as devout and God-fearing, receives a vision instructing him to summon Peter from Joppa. Meanwhile, Peter, who is also praying, experiences a vision of clean and unclean animals, challenging his Jewish dietary laws and prejudices. The Holy Spirit guides Peter to accompany Cornelius’s messengers, emphasizing the importance of hospitality.

When Peter arrives, he finds Cornelius and a large gathering awaiting him. Cornelius shows humility, but Peter insists that reverence is due only to God. This meeting marks a significant shift in Peter’s understanding of the gospel’s reach, as he realizes that Jewish distinctions among people are no longer relevant. The passage highlights the breaking down of barriers between Jews and Gentiles, setting the stage for the proclamation of the gospel.

The application emphasizes that even mature Christians may need to confront and overcome prejudices. It suggests that understanding Christian identity, teaching biblical truths against prejudice, listening to marginalized voices, confronting prejudice, and supporting those from different backgrounds are essential steps to address this issue within the church. The text underscores the need for a paradigm shift in attitudes towards race, class, and caste, advocating for inclusivity and acceptance in the Christian community.

Peter delivers a significant speech revealing that God does not show favoritism and accepts those from every nation who fear Him and do what is right. He shares the "good news of peace through Jesus Christ," emphasizing that Jesus is the "Lord of all," extending salvation to Gentiles. Peter summarizes Jesus’s ministry, highlighting His miracles and the apostles’ witness, and discusses Jesus’s death and resurrection, noting the importance of the apostles’ commission to preach and testify about Him.

In a groundbreaking moment, the Holy Spirit descends on Gentiles before baptism, leading to their immediate baptism by Peter, which astonishes Jewish believers. This event marks a pivotal shift in the early church, as Peter later faces criticism from Jewish Christians for associating with Gentiles. He defends his actions by recounting the events and the confirmation of the Holy Spirit’s presence among the Gentiles, likening it to the Pentecost experience.

^✝Deeper summary excerpt from NIV Application Commentary, One-Volume Edition.

Acts 7 to 8

Common Theme
Stephen’s defense shows God’s faithfulness across Israel’s history and exposes the repeated pattern of rejecting His messengers. The narrative then shifts to show the unstoppable advance of the gospel even through persecution.

Questions

1. How does Stephen’s retelling of Israel’s story challenge your view of resistance to God’s leading?
2. What does the spread of the gospel through persecution reveal about how God works in unexpected circumstances?

God Shot
God reveals Himself as steadfast and relentless in carrying out His redemptive plan even when His people resist Him. He shows His unstoppable commitment to bring the good news to the nations, turning persecution into expansion.

Deeper^✝

Acts 7

In his defense, Stephen recounts Israel’s history, emphasizing that God’s presence is not limited to the land of Israel or the temple. He illustrates that God communicated with figures like Abraham and Moses outside of Israel and that true worship transcends physical locations. Stephen accuses the Jewish leaders of consistently rejecting God’s messengers, culminating in a passionate indictment of their history of rebellion.

Despite his angelic demeanor, Stephen’s speech provokes anger, leading to his martyrdom. His ministry is seen as pivotal in expanding the gospel beyond Judaism, influencing future apostles like Paul. The text encourages Christians to embody winsomeness and grace in the face of opposition, drawing from Stephen’s example of maintaining a close relationship with God. This relationship enables believers to respond to injustice with grace while also standing firm against sin, highlighting the balance between grace and righteous anger.

Stephen, filled with the Holy Spirit, faces a hostile audience after accusing the Jewish people of resisting the Holy Spirit. Despite their anger, he sees a vision of God’s glory and Jesus standing at God’s right hand, affirming Jesus’ divine status. This challenges the Sanhedrin’s previous judgment of Jesus, leading them to condemn Stephen for blasphemy, mirroring their actions against Jesus. As he is stoned, Stephen echoes Jesus’ last words, asking God to receive his spirit and forgive his killers. His death incites a significant persecution against Christians, with Saul emerging as a key figure in this movement. Stephen is mourned and buried honorably, highlighting the deep sorrow of his loss.

The text emphasizes the theme of suffering and the fullness of the Spirit, suggesting that such fullness is not only for ministry but also to endure trials. It encourages believers to develop a theology that embraces suffering as part of spiritual growth, recognizing that God works powerfully in dark times. The narrative foreshadows the spread of the gospel beyond Palestine, linking Stephen’s martyrdom to the church’s expansion. Ultimately, it calls for perseverance in faith, urging believers to focus on Jesus, who endured suffering for the joy set before him, and to find courage and joy amid their own trials.

Acts 8

Philip preaches in Samaria, where the Samaritans, anticipating a future deliverer, respond positively to his message about the Messiah. His miracles enhance the preaching, leading to great joy among the people. Simon the sorcerer, initially impressed by Philip’s ministry, believes and is baptized, but his faith is superficial. Peter and John are sent from Jerusalem to verify the events in Samaria, and upon their arrival, they pray for the Samaritans, who then receive the Holy Spirit, indicating the unity of the early church.

Simon, intrigued by the apostles’ ability to impart the Spirit, offers money for this power, prompting Peter to rebuke him. Peter emphasizes that God’s gifts cannot be bought and warns Simon of his unregenerate state, urging him to repent. Simon exemplifies misplaced religion, seeking power without a genuine relationship with God.

The narrative concludes with Peter and John preaching in Samaritan villages on their return to Jerusalem, highlighting the shift in their attitudes towards the Samaritans. The text encourages current leaders to embrace and learn from younger leaders, fostering an environment where new ideas are considered and supported. It stresses the importance of mentorship and collaboration between generations to ensure the continuity and growth of leadership within the church.

^✝Deeper summary excerpt from NIV Application Commentary, One-Volume Edition.

James 1:19

My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry.

“We don’t need you there.”

A simple sentence. Five words. Five syllables. However, in my brain the interpretation of this sentence was anything but simple.

It unleashed a flood of uncertainty. My brain instantly fired off locator arrows that traveled to past rejections in my memory. Pulling past hurts into the current conversation. Suddenly, I wasn’t hearing “We don’t need you there.” I was hearing, “You aren’t wanted.”

Rejection always wants to steal the best of who I am by reinforcing the worst of what’s been said to me.

The best of who I am was certainly not the one interpreting this comment.

The most hurt version of me took what was said and added pages of commentary. This additional dialogue highlighted my insecurities, brought to mind all the many reasons I was surely being excluded, and vilified the person who uttered those five words that started this whole thing.

Suddenly, this person was unsafe. She was insensitive. And worst of all, I pictured her rallying others to believe the worst about me as well.

I measured my reaction. I swallowed the long-winded speech I was dying to spew in retaliation to her hurtful proclamation. And with a simple, “Okay,” I walked to my car.

Later that night I retold the whole story to a member of my family. With great emotion and lots of added commentary, I gave them the play-by-play. Finally, I paused long enough to catch my breath and fully expected them to jump right in with absolute support and an offer to rush to my defense.

Instead they said, “What else might she have meant by her statement? Is there any chance she didn’t intend to hurt you, but rather was just simply stating the fact that they had enough people participating and you didn’t have to feel the pressure to attend?”

I shot back, “Oh no, I’m telling you this was so much more than that.”

Right as I was about to unleash another dramatic retelling of the whole situation, they stopped me and said, “Just make sure you aren’t holding her accountable for words she never said. She didn’t say you weren’t wanted. She didn’t say you weren’t capable. She didn’t say others were thinking the same way as her. She simply said they didn’t need you there.”

After stewing for a while, I dared to consider what my family member had said. I called the gal and asked a few questions. And in the end, I realized there was absolutely no agenda behind her statement at all.

In fact, she thought she was doing me a favor by assuring me that I wasn’t needed so that I wouldn’t feel pressure to be gone from home during that very busy season.

This situation happened eight years ago, but I think about it often. It taught me three perspectives that I don’t want to forget:

1. When I’m tired or stressed, I’m likely to interpret interactions way more emotionally than I should.
   Therefore, I should wait to respond to others until I’ve had a chance to rest and de-stress. A depleted person can quickly become a defeated person when he/she lets emotions dictate reactions.

2. Believe the best before assuming the worst.
   Even if they didn’t have my best interest in mind, they probably didn’t have the worst intentions either. Regardless, being positive will keep me in a much better place.

3. Clarify. Clarify. Clarify.
   When in doubt, I should ask them to help me understand what they truly meant. And when I clarify, I must recognize and resist adding any additional commentary my past hurt might add to this situation.

Can you think of a time in your life when these perspectives might help? I certainly haven’t perfected making these perspectives the first thing I think of when I’m in an uncertain situation. But at least I do think of them. And that’s great progress, so feelings from yesterday’s hurts don’t take away from today’s relationships.

Dear Lord, I don’t want to allow hurts from my past or runaway emotions to steal from my present relationships. I surrender my heart to You today, asking for Your wisdom and healing touch. In Jesus’ Name, Amen.

Attribution

Excerpt from Embraced by Lysa TerKeurst. Used for personal study purposes only.

Acts 4 through 6

Common Theme
The early church grows in courage and unity as the Spirit empowers believers to speak boldly despite rising opposition. God protects and purifies His people, advancing His mission even through persecution.

Questions

1. What does this passage reveal about trusting God when obedience leads to opposition?
2. How does the Spirit’s presence shape the church’s courage and integrity?

God Shot
God shows Himself as the unstoppable One who advances His purposes no matter the resistance. He also reveals His holiness by guarding the purity of His people and His compassion by empowering them with boldness and grace.

Deeper^✝

Acts 4

In Acts 4:1–22, Peter and John are arrested by the Sadducees and temple authorities due to their preaching about the resurrection, which threatens the Sadducees’ beliefs. Despite their arrest, the number of believers grows to about five thousand. The next day, they are brought before the Sanhedrin, where Peter boldly asserts the uniqueness of Christ as the only means of salvation, referencing Psalm 118:22. The Sanhedrin is astonished by the apostles’ courage and eloquence, despite their lack of formal education, recognizing their association with Jesus. After deliberation, the Sanhedrin can only command them not to speak in Jesus’ name, to which Peter and John respond that they must obey God rather than human authorities. The Sanhedrin, unable to punish them, ultimately releases them with threats. The text emphasizes the importance of numbers in representing people for whom Christ died, warning against compromising the gospel for numerical growth. It suggests that churches should avoid unhealthy growth methods and maintain a family atmosphere through smaller groups, ensuring true Christian fellowship and accountability.

Acts 4:23–31 describes the early Christians’ response to persecution through communal prayer. They prayed together, affirming God’s sovereignty as Creator and acknowledging His power over opposition, referencing Scripture to express their faith. Their prayer focused on two main requests: the ability to preach the gospel despite the outlawing of evangelism and a plea for God to demonstrate His power. In response, God manifested His presence through a shaking and filled the believers with the Holy Spirit, empowering them to boldly proclaim the word of God. The passage emphasizes the importance of community support during times of crisis, highlighting how sharing burdens and praying together can strengthen resolve and clarity in facing challenges. It suggests that unity in prayer helps believers remain obedient to their calling, even when under threat, and encourages reliance on God as the ultimate source of strength. The text illustrates that communal prayer and support can motivate individuals to confront difficulties with renewed boldness and purpose.

Acts 4:32–35 highlights the radical sharing practiced by the early Christian community, emphasizing their deep unity. Luke notes this unity, described as being "one in heart and mind," which fostered a collective mission among believers. This unity was not merely organizational but spiritual, as the apostles’ witness was central to their community life. The believers shared their possessions voluntarily, leading to no needy individuals among them, as some sold their lands and houses to support the community. This practice, while reminiscent of communism, differed in that it was voluntary and did not abolish private ownership. The continuous action of selling land indicates a regular response to needs within the community. The text suggests that maintaining such unity is challenging in today’s individualistic society, where privacy often takes precedence. The church is called to be countercultural, embodying a close-knit community that addresses humanity’s inherent need for connection, thus fulfilling a prophetic role in the world.

The text presents contrasting examples of generosity within the early church. Barnabas, a Levite from Cyprus, exemplifies true generosity by selling his property and donating the proceeds, earning him the nickname "son of encouragement."

Acts 5

In contrast, Ananias and Sapphira sell their property but deceitfully withhold part of the money, seeking recognition while lying to the Holy Spirit. Peter confronts Ananias, emphasizing that while Satan influenced his actions, he remains responsible for his deceit. The severity of their sin leads to both Ananias and Sapphira’s sudden deaths, instilling fear among the witnesses and highlighting the seriousness of dishonesty in the church.

The text underscores the biblical perspective on wealth, warning against its dangers while acknowledging it as a blessing from God. It advocates for accountability in financial matters to prevent materialism and deception, suggesting that transparency with trusted individuals can help avoid scandals related to money in the church. Overall, the passage serves as a reminder of the importance of integrity and the responsible use of possessions in the Christian community.

Acts 5:12–42 describes the continued effectiveness of the apostles’ ministry despite the fear instilled by the deaths of Ananias and Sapphira. The apostles performed miracles, attracting many to their teachings without compromising the gospel’s integrity. Jealousy from Jewish leaders led to the apostles’ arrest, but they were miraculously freed by an angel who encouraged them to continue preaching. When brought before the Sanhedrin, Peter and the apostles boldly proclaimed their commitment to obeying God over human authority, emphasizing the resurrection and exaltation of Jesus, and the offer of repentance and forgiveness through Him.

The Sanhedrin, initially furious, was swayed by Gamaliel’s counsel to exercise caution, fearing they might oppose God. Consequently, they refrained from executing the apostles but still flogged them. Remarkably, the apostles rejoiced at their suffering, viewing it as an honor to endure disgrace for Christ. The passage concludes with the apostles continuing their evangelistic efforts, demonstrating that persecution did not diminish their zeal.

The text highlights the importance of presenting the full gospel, including the holiness of God and the necessity of repentance, to avoid a superficial understanding of faith. It critiques the notion of a "cheap" Christianity that allows for ongoing sin without accountability. The early church’s emphasis on God’s holiness and power did not hinder their evangelistic success, suggesting that true commitment to Christ includes a call to holiness and integrity in both belief and action.

Acts 6

Acts 6:1–7 addresses a significant issue within the early Christian community regarding the care of Grecian widows, who were particularly vulnerable due to their lack of local support. The increase in disciples led to complaints about the perceived neglect of these widows, which threatened the unity of the church. The apostles recognized the need to address this issue rather than dismiss it, leading to the appointment of seven men to oversee the distribution of food. This decision not only resolved the immediate problem but also established a foundational structure for church leadership, paving the way for the diaconal order.

The apostles emphasized the importance of selecting individuals "full of the Spirit and wisdom" to ensure effective service. The chosen men, all with Greek names, were presented to the apostles, who prayed and laid hands on them, marking the beginning of a formal commissioning process in the church.

Despite the administrative changes, the church’s evangelistic efforts continued to thrive, highlighting the importance of addressing internal issues without compromising the mission. The text serves as a reminder for church leaders to confront problems directly rather than ignore them, fostering unity and healing within diverse communities. Christians are encouraged to address prejudices and conflicts openly, recognizing that their shared faith transcends divisions.

The text focuses on Stephen, a prominent figure in the early church, highlighting his character and ministry. Stephen is described as a man full of faith, the Holy Spirit, and grace, performing wonders and signs among the people. He faced opposition from members of the Synagogue of the Freedmen, who could not withstand the wisdom he displayed in his debates. Unable to silence him through argument, they resorted to false accusations, claiming he spoke against the temple and the law, leading to his trial before the Sanhedrin.

^✝Deeper summary excerpt from NIV Application Commentary, One-Volume Edition.

Acts 1 to 3

Common Theme
The risen Jesus commissions His followers, sends the promised Spirit, and establishes the church as His empowered witness in the world. God launches His redemptive mission through the Spirit filled proclamation of Christ crucified and risen.

Questions
• How does the Spirit’s empowering presence shape the way you understand the church’s mission today
• What stands out to you about the boldness and clarity of the early believers

God Shot
God reveals Himself as the One who keeps His promises by sending the Holy Spirit just as Jesus said He would. He also shows Himself as the powerful Sovereign who raises Jesus, pours out the Spirit, and calls people into His saving work.

Deeper^✝

Acts 1

The opening section of Acts introduces the author’s previous work, the Gospel of Luke, and addresses Theophilus, possibly a distinguished individual. The text emphasizes the importance of the Holy Spirit in Christian ministry, highlighting Jesus’s teachings during the forty days before his ascension, particularly regarding the resurrection and the kingdom of God. The resurrection serves as a foundational proof for the apostles’ claims about Jesus. Jesus promises the disciples baptism with the Holy Spirit, which signifies an experience of God’s fullness and empowerment for witnessing. The disciples’ focus on the restoration of Israel’s kingdom contrasts with Jesus’s call to seek spiritual power for global witness. The passage underscores the necessity of the Holy Spirit for effective evangelism, suggesting that witnessing is rooted in both objective reality and subjective experience. The text critiques the fragmentation within the church, where some congregations may be strong in biblical knowledge yet lack spiritual vitality. It argues for a holistic approach to faith that integrates objective truths with deep spirituality, asserting that true Christian ministry relies on the Holy Spirit’s power rather than merely on programs or entertainment. Ultimately, Acts 1 illustrates the ideal of Spirit-empowered teaching leading to authentic evangelism and witness.

Acts 1:9–26 describes the events following Jesus’s ascension and the early church’s response. After giving the Great Commission, Jesus ascends to heaven, with angels assuring the disciples of his return. The disciples return to Jerusalem, where they gather in prayer, including the eleven apostles and faithful women, highlighting the importance of prayer in their community. Peter addresses about 120 believers to find a replacement for Judas Iscariot, viewing Judas’s betrayal as a fulfillment of Scripture, despite the pain it caused. He emphasizes the necessity of having twelve apostles, reflecting the early church’s connection to Israel. The qualifications for Judas’s successor include being a witness to Jesus’s resurrection, a critical role for the apostles. The group casts lots to choose between two qualified candidates, seeking divine guidance through prayer, demonstrating their reliance on God’s knowledge of hearts. Matthias is chosen as Judas’s replacement, though he does not appear again in Acts. The text emphasizes the significance of persistent prayer in the church, suggesting that revival often follows such prayer. The narrative illustrates the early church’s commitment to prayer and the belief that God responds to the faithful prayers of his people, a principle that remains relevant today.

Acts 2

Acts 2:1–13 describes the fulfillment of Christ’s promise of the Holy Spirit during the Jewish festival of Pentecost, a time when many people from various regions were in Jerusalem. The accompanying wind and fire symbolize the Spirit’s activity, representing regeneration and judgment. The disciples were filled with the Holy Spirit and began speaking in tongues understood by devout Jews, which facilitated the preaching of the gospel. This event highlighted God’s choice of humble Galileans to lead a significant moment in history, breaking societal stereotypes. Reactions to the apostles’ proclamation varied; some were intrigued, while others mocked the message. The text emphasizes that the Christian faith involves not only rational acceptance of the gospel but also a subjective experience of Christ through the Holy Spirit. The Pentecostal movement revitalized the importance of personal and corporate experiences of God’s presence in worship. While quality in worship is important, it should not overshadow the pursuit of a genuine encounter with the Holy Spirit, as exemplified in the Pentecost experience. The focus should remain on seeking God’s fullness rather than merely entertaining congregants.

In Acts 2:14–41, Peter addresses the crowd, explaining the phenomena they witnessed as the fulfillment of Joel’s prophecy regarding the "last days." He clarifies that these events mark the beginning of this period, during which all people will prophesy, culminating in cosmic disturbances before the "great and glorious day of the Lord." Peter emphasizes that salvation is available to all who call on the Lord’s name.

He then recounts Jesus’s miracles as evidence of His divine accreditation, asserting that His death was part of God’s deliberate plan, addressing the Jewish audience’s struggle with the concept of a crucified Messiah. Peter highlights the resurrection as God’s act, validating Jesus’s ministry, and cites Psalm 16 to argue that David’s words refer to Jesus, whom they all witnessed resurrected.

Peter connects the events of Pentecost to Jesus’s exaltation at God’s right hand, where He pours out the Holy Spirit. He declares Jesus as both "Lord" and "Messiah," emphasizing His divine authority and role as Israel’s deliverer. Peter calls for repentance and baptism, promising forgiveness and the Holy Spirit, illustrating the inseparable nature of Jesus’s lordship and savior role.

The crowd’s response is significant, with three thousand baptisms occurring, demonstrating the effectiveness of Peter’s message. The text concludes with an application on the importance of connecting with people’s questions and experiences to effectively share the gospel, emphasizing personal ministry as a vital tool for outreach.

Acts 2:42–47 describes the early church’s follow-through care for new converts and their community life. The converts devoted themselves to four key activities: the apostles’ teaching, fellowship (koinōnia), breaking of bread, and prayers. The apostles’ teaching likely included explanations of salvation, Christ’s work, and Christian commands. Koinōnia signifies a deep sharing and intimacy among believers. The breaking of bread involved both fellowship meals and the Lord’s Supper, while prayers included both communal and personal times of prayer, reflecting the intimacy Jesus taught with God.

The community life was characterized by awe and miracles performed by the apostles, with believers selling property as needed, indicating voluntary sharing rather than enforced communism. They maintained ties to Judaism by attending the temple and shared meals with glad and sincere hearts, praising God together. This fellowship led to numerical growth in the church, attributed ultimately to God, who added to their number through personal witness and public preaching.

The text emphasizes the importance of follow-through care for new believers, who face various challenges and temptations shortly after their commitment to Christ. It highlights the need for organized support to nurture these new converts, as neglecting this can hinder their spiritual growth. John Wesley’s approach to ensuring follow-up care is noted as a key to the long-term success of his revival efforts.

Acts 3

Acts 3:1–26 narrates the healing of a lame man at the temple gate, which leads to Peter’s speech to the onlookers. The event occurs during a daily prayer time, and the beggar, crippled from birth, seeks alms. Peter and John, prominent figures in the early church, engage with the man, emphasizing the power of Jesus rather than their own. Peter’s speech highlights the miracle as a testament to Jesus, whom the audience had disowned and killed. He references the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, connecting with his Jewish audience and asserting that Jesus is the Messiah, fulfilling Old Testament prophecies.

Peter calls for repentance, promising times of refreshment and restoration, which will come when God sends the Messiah again. He warns that those who do not heed Jesus’ message will face dire consequences. Despite placing responsibility for Christ’s death on the audience, he acknowledges their ignorance and ends on a hopeful note, reminding them of their covenantal heritage and the blessings of repentance.

The text also emphasizes the importance of team ministry, highlighting the dangers of isolation for ministers. It suggests accountability and support through prayer and companionship during travels, advocating for a lifestyle that fosters personal purity and connection with the community. The narrative serves as both a historical account and a practical guide for contemporary ministry, stressing the need for collaboration and vigilance against moral pitfalls.

^✝Deeper summary excerpt from NIV Application Commentary, One-Volume Edition.

Luke 24 and John 20 to 21

Common Theme

Jesus rises from the dead and personally restores and commissions His followers, turning their fear and confusion into faith and mission. These chapters reveal the shift from despair to confident witness as the risen Christ makes Himself known.

Questions

1. How does Jesus meeting people in their confusion or doubt shape the way you read these resurrection encounters
2. What stands out to you about the way Jesus restores and recommissions His disciples

God Shot

God reveals Himself as the One who pursues His people even in their doubt, confusion, and failure. He is the risen Lord who brings peace, opens eyes, and restores shaken hearts through His presence and His word.

Deeper^✝

Luke 24

In Luke 24:1–12, women visit Jesus’s tomb at dawn, expecting to find his body, but discover the stone rolled away and the body missing. They encounter two men, likely angels, who ask why they seek the living among the dead, affirming Jesus’s resurrection. The angels remind the women of Jesus’s words, prompting them to recall his promises. Despite their testimony, the disciples are skeptical, reflecting cultural biases against women’s credibility. Peter, however, runs to the tomb, sees the grave clothes, and leaves wondering about the events. The narrative highlights the initial doubt of the disciples, emphasizing that belief in the resurrection is challenging and requires divine intervention. The resurrection signifies God’s promise of everlasting life and a renewed world, urging believers to reflect on their relationship with God. Ultimately, the resurrection transforms everything, offering forgiveness and new life, and calling both believers and non-believers to understand its significance.

In Luke 24:13–35, two disciples journey to Emmaus after a traumatic weekend, discussing the events surrounding Jesus’s crucifixion and the empty tomb. Jesus approaches them, though they do not recognize him, and inquires about their conversation. Cleopas expresses amazement at Jesus’s ignorance of recent events, which include Jesus’s prophetic work and his death. The disciples had hoped Jesus would redeem Israel, but they are confused by the reports of the empty tomb and angels proclaiming his resurrection.

Jesus rebukes them for their lack of belief and explains the messianic promises from the Scriptures, emphasizing that these events were part of God’s plan for humanity’s restoration. As they reach Emmaus, the disciples invite Jesus to stay with them. During a meal, Jesus breaks bread, and their eyes are opened to his identity before he vanishes.

Realizing the significance of their encounter, they return to Jerusalem to share their experience with the other disciples, who are already excited about the resurrection. The passage reassures believers of Jesus’s resurrection, which is central to Christian faith and hope. It emphasizes Jesus’s authority and the power of resurrection, encouraging believers to overcome sin and obstacles through faith in Christ. The resurrection serves as a bridge to new life and the fulfillment of God’s promises.

The passage from Luke 24:36–53 describes Jesus’s post-resurrection appearances to his disciples, emphasizing his greeting of "Peace be with you" as a source of comfort. Initially frightened, the disciples doubt his physical presence, prompting Jesus to invite them to touch his wounds and eat with him, affirming his resurrection body. He explains that his crucifixion and resurrection were part of God’s divine plan, fulfilling Old Testament prophecies. Jesus instructs the disciples on the significance of his suffering, resurrection, and the need to preach repentance and forgiveness to all nations, marking a shift from ethnic religions to a universal message.

He promises to send the Holy Spirit to empower them for their mission, referencing the prophetic promise of Joel regarding the Spirit in the new covenant. The narrative concludes with Jesus blessing the disciples before ascending to heaven, leading them to worship and joy in the temple.

The application emphasizes the importance of effectively communicating the gospel across cultures, using relatable terms and personal testimonies rather than complex theological arguments. It highlights the significance of Jesus’s resurrection as proof of eternal life and encourages believers to share their faith confidently, supported by the Holy Spirit. The text reflects on the enduring impact of the Christian movement, which transcends time and culture, inviting believers to participate in the ongoing mission initiated by Jesus and the apostles.

John 20

John 20:1–31 recounts the events following Jesus’s resurrection, focusing on Mary Magdalene’s discovery of the empty tomb and her encounter with the risen Christ. Mary, who had been healed by Jesus, finds the tomb open and reports to Peter and the Beloved Disciple, expressing her fear that Jesus’s body has been taken. The two disciples investigate, and while the Beloved Disciple believes upon seeing the empty tomb, Peter’s faith is not explicitly mentioned.

Mary encounters Jesus, who reveals himself to her after she initially mistakes him for the gardener. He instructs her not to cling to him, indicating a transition in their relationship as he prepares to send the Holy Spirit. Mary becomes the first messenger of the resurrection, fulfilling Jesus’s promise.

Later, Jesus appears to the disciples in a locked room, offering them peace and empowering them with the Holy Spirit, marking a significant moment in their mission. The narrative then shifts to Thomas, who doubts the resurrection until he sees Jesus and touches his wounds, ultimately confessing his faith.

John concludes by stating that his Gospel is a selective account of Jesus’s signs, aimed at fostering belief in him as the Son of God, which leads to eternal life. The text emphasizes the importance of faith, the role of the Holy Spirit, and the historical significance of the resurrection, inviting readers to believe in the transformative power of Jesus’s presence in their lives.

John 21

In John 21:1–25, the narrative begins with Peter returning to fishing after the resurrection of Jesus. An unknown voice instructs him to cast his net on the right side of the boat, resulting in a miraculous catch of 153 fish. Recognizing Jesus on the shore, Peter jumps into the water to reach him. Jesus greets them with a meal of fish and bread, reminiscent of the earlier feeding miracle, affirming his presence and blessing.

The passage then shifts to the restoration of Peter, where Jesus asks him three times if he loves him, paralleling Peter’s three denials. Each affirmation leads to a commission to tend Jesus’s flock, emphasizing Peter’s role in the church despite his past failures. The conversation highlights nuances in the Greek words for love, though interpretations vary on their significance.

The text also addresses Peter’s future, indicating he will face martyrdom, while the Beloved Disciple’s fate remains uncertain. Jesus instructs Peter to focus on following him rather than speculating about others.

Finally, John’s disciples affirm the truth of his testimony, acknowledging the limitations of the Gospel while hinting at the vastness of Jesus’s life. The closing emphasizes the importance of diverse gifts within the church and the role of the Holy Spirit in empowering believers. Good shepherds are called to humility and obedience, exemplified by John, who is both beloved by Jesus and his followers, leaving a lasting legacy through his Gospel.

^✝Deeper summary excerpt from NIV Application Commentary, One-Volume Edition.