Jeremiah 46-48

Common Theme

These chapters describe God’s judgment on Egypt, Philistia, and Moab, showing that no nation can stand secure against His sovereign rule. The downfall of these nations demonstrates both His justice against pride and idolatry and His faithfulness to His word through the prophets.

Questions

• What do these judgments reveal about God’s sovereignty over not only Israel but all nations?
• How does the downfall of proud nations caution us about placing trust in earthly power or alliances?

God Shot

God reveals Himself as the Lord of hosts, sovereign over all nations, executing judgment according to His justice. At the same time, His heart is moved with compassion, as seen in His lament for Moab, showing that His justice flows from holiness, not cruelty.

---

Deeper^✝

Jeremiah 46–49

Jeremiah 46–49 contains prophecies against various nations, primarily Egypt, Moab, Ammon, Edom, Damascus, Kedar, Hazor, and Elam. The first oracle against Egypt, dated to 605 BC, predicts the downfall of Pharaoh Necho’s army during the battle of Carchemish, emphasizing divine judgment against Egypt’s pride and imperialism. Despite this judgment, Egypt is not entirely forsaken, as it will eventually be restored.

The oracles against the Philistines, Moab, and Ammon follow, detailing their impending defeat and humiliation. The Moabites, related to the Israelites, are warned of their judgment due to their idolatry and defiance against God, with vivid imagery of destruction and exile. The Ammonites, also linked to Israel, face similar fates, with references to their deity Milcom and the promise of eventual restoration.

Edom’s prophecy highlights its loss of wisdom and impending destruction, with no mention of restoration. Damascus is depicted as weak and suffering from judgment, while Kedar and Hazor represent Arab tribes facing Babylonian attacks. Lastly, Elam is singled out for judgment but is also promised restoration.

The overarching theme emphasizes that God’s judgment serves a greater purpose, leading to eventual restoration and inclusion of all nations in His plan. This reflects a message of hope amidst the historical realities of injustice and cruelty, suggesting that God’s grace extends beyond Israel to all nations.

---

^✝Deeper excerpt from NIV Application Commentary, One-Volume Edition.

Jeremiah 41–45

Common Theme

After Jerusalem’s fall, the remnant of Judah struggles with fear, rebellion, and misplaced trust. Despite God’s clear word through Jeremiah, they reject His command to stay in the land and instead flee to Egypt, showing their resistance to God’s authority and their tendency to rely on human security.

Questions

• Why do people often seek safety in their own plans rather than trusting God’s commands?
• How does rejecting God’s word reveal the true condition of the heart?

God Shot

God reveals Himself as patient yet unwaveringly faithful to His word, warning His people even when they refuse to listen. He shows that His authority extends beyond borders, and no one can escape His presence or His purposes.

---

Deeper^✝

Jeremiah 41

In Jeremiah 41:1–18, After Gedaliah’s murder by Ishmael, who also kills other Judean officials, Ishmael attempts to gain power. The next day, pilgrims from Shiloh, Shechem, and Samaria come to worship at the temple but fall victim to Ishmael’s treachery. He murders most of them and takes captives, including royal daughters, before fleeing. Johanan and his men manage to rescue some captives but fail to apprehend Ishmael, leading them to consider fleeing to Egypt due to fears of Babylonian retaliation.

The narrative reflects on themes of leadership, betrayal, and the consequences of moral failure, drawing parallels to historical figures like Abraham Lincoln, who faced similar challenges of division and reconciliation. The text encourages reflection on the lessons of tragedy and the potential for renewal amidst failure, urging Christians to discern the Spirit’s guidance in their lives.

Jeremiah 42

In Jeremiah 42:1–43:7, the remnant associated with Johanan seeks God’s guidance through Jeremiah about fleeing to Egypt. They promise to obey God’s word, and Jeremiah agrees to seek counsel. After ten days, he conveys God’s message: if they stay in the land, they will be preserved, but fleeing to Egypt will lead to judgment. Despite this warning, the group accuses Jeremiah of lying and chooses to go to Egypt, taking Jeremiah and Baruch against their will. The text emphasizes that obedience to God’s will is essential for discipleship, and often, the reluctance to follow stems from moral sloth rather than a lack of understanding. The narrative highlights the tragedy of rejecting God’s guidance when it conflicts with personal desires.

Jeremiah 43—44

In Jeremiah 43:8–44:30, the prophet Jeremiah, at God’s command, buries stones in Tahpanhes to symbolize Babylon’s impending conquest of Egypt, warning Judeans that their escape to Egypt will not shield them from judgment. He predicts destruction of Egyptian temples and obelisks, emphasizing that the idolatry of Judeans in Egypt mirrors their past faithlessness in Judah. The people respond defensively, asserting that their worship of the Queen of Heaven has brought them better fortunes than worshiping the Lord. They claim this practice was supported by their husbands, highlighting a cultural divide regarding religious practices. Jeremiah counters their claims, foretelling judgment for their apostasy and predicting the downfall of Pharaoh Hophra as a sign of God’s authority. He assures that a remnant will eventually recognize the enduring truth of God’s word over the falsehoods of idolatry. The application stresses the importance of acknowledging one’s failures and relying on God’s grace, contrasting the people’s misguided attempts to seek divine favor through idolatry.

Jeremiah 45

Jeremiah 45:1–5 discusses the prophecy concerning Baruch, Jeremiah’s scribe, which is chronologically out of place with earlier chapters. The prophecy, dated in the fourth year of Jehoiakim (605 BC), follows Baruch’s reading of Jeremiah’s scroll, leading to public persecution and his subsequent hiding. After Jerusalem’s fall, Baruch faced accusations but was taken to Egypt with Jeremiah. This account serves to confirm Baruch’s divine calling and emphasizes that his presence in Egypt is not due to God’s disfavor. Baruch’s struggles reflect the cost of serving God during tumultuous times, paralleling Jeremiah’s laments. God assures Baruch of his life’s value, urging faithfulness despite challenges. The text encourages Christians facing difficulties to find solace in the examples of biblical figures, highlighting that their lives are gifts meant for service amid struggles.

---

^✝Deeper excerpt from NIV Application Commentary, One-Volume Edition.

Habakkuk 1–3

Common Theme

Habakkuk wrestles with the problem of evil, questioning why God allows wickedness to prosper, but ultimately learns that the righteous live by faith. The book closes with a powerful affirmation of trust in God’s sovereignty and salvation, even amid suffering and loss.

Questions

• How does Habakkuk’s dialogue with God help us understand the place of honest lament in faith?
• What does it mean to live by faith when circumstances seem unjust or overwhelming?

God Shot

God reveals Himself as the holy and sovereign ruler who governs history and will ultimately judge wickedness. He is the God of salvation, worthy of trust and worship, whose power brings both trembling and joy.

---

Deeper^✝

Habakkuk 1

The book of Habakkuk presents a dialogue between the prophet and Yahweh, focusing on the prophet’s questions about the existence of wrongdoing and God’s tolerance of it. In Chapter 1, Habakkuk questions why God allows injustice, receiving a response about the rise of the Babylonians. The text highlights the relevance of Habakkuk’s message in today’s context, addressing themes of loss, cultural displacement, and impending destruction. It illustrates how believers can respond faithfully to dire circumstances, reflecting on the prophet’s struggle with the reality of suffering.

Habakkuk 2

Habakkuk 2 reveals Yahweh’s message about the fall of Babylon and addresses the prophet’s concerns regarding the wicked. God instructs Habakkuk to write down a vision that contrasts two paths: puffed-up desire and faith. The text emphasizes that the righteous will live by their faithfulness, addressing the prophet’s questions about God’s tolerance of evil and the prosperity of the wicked. Key issues include the implications of Jerusalem’s fall, God’s reputation amidst Babylon’s success, and the challenge of idolatry. Yahweh’s responses highlight the eventual downfall of Babylon and the restoration of His people. The chapter offers practical guidance for those facing turmoil, reminding them to seek divine wisdom and participate in worship. It reassures believers that, despite suffering, God is present and will ultimately deliver them. The message encourages faith in God’s promises, emphasizing that the righteous will endure through their trust in Him.

Habakkuk 3

Habakkuk 3 is a song to Yahweh that reflects on His power and ways in the world, serving as a response to earlier revelations about the Babylonians. While differing in form from the rest of the book, it is integral to the overall message. The song transitions from celebrating Yahweh’s visible power to expressing joy despite the absence of basic needs, illustrating Habakkuk’s faith in unseen promises. He anticipates suffering but chooses to be a survivor rather than a victim. The chapter emphasizes the struggle of reconciling personal beliefs with divine revelation, showcasing a matured faith in the concluding verses, which highlight God’s historic deeds and majesty.

---

^✝Deeper excerpt from NIV Application Commentary, One-Volume Edition.

2 Kings 24–25; 2 Chronicles 36

Common Theme

The fall of Judah to Babylon demonstrates the culmination of God’s judgment against persistent rebellion and unfaithfulness. Despite repeated warnings through prophets, the people hardened their hearts, and God handed them over to exile, fulfilling His word.

Questions

• What does the fall of Jerusalem reveal about the seriousness of ignoring God’s warnings?
• How does God’s faithfulness in judgment also point to His faithfulness in keeping promises of restoration?

God Shot

God is shown as the sovereign Judge who faithfully carries out His word, even when it means bringing devastating judgment. His holiness cannot tolerate sin, and His justice ensures that rebellion is never ignored, yet even in wrath His larger purposes of redemption are still unfolding.

---

Deeper^✝

2 Kings 24-25

In 2 Kings 23:31–24:17, Jehoahaz, son of Josiah, is appointed king of Judah but is soon imprisoned by Pharaoh Necho, who makes Judah a vassal of Egypt. Jehoahaz dies in captivity without a regnal summary. Necho then installs Eliakim as king. During Jehoiakim’s reign, Babylonian power rises, leading to a struggle between Egypt and Babylon. Jehoiakim, initially supported by Egypt, rebels against Babylon. Nebuchadnezzar eventually captures Jerusalem, and Jehoiakim dies before the city surrenders. His son, Jehoiachin, reigns briefly before surrendering and facing exile. Nebuchadnezzar empties the temple and palace treasures and installs Zedekiah, Josiah’s youngest son, as a vassal king. The narrative reflects the Israelites’ faith amid suffering and alienation, paralleling the struggles of German colonists in Ukraine during the Russian Revolution, highlighting the resilience of faith in times of upheaval.
2 Kings 24:18–25:30

In 2 Kings 24:18–25:30, Zedekiah’s reign begins as a vassal of Nebuchadnezzar after Jehoiachin’s capture. Zedekiah’s rebellion against Babylon, prompted by unclear motivations, leads to Jerusalem’s siege in 588 BC, lasting about a year and a half. The city is ultimately captured, resulting in its complete destruction, including the burning of the temple and the removal of sacred vessels. Following this, Gedaliah is appointed governor by the Babylonians, but he is soon murdered by Ishmael, leading to the flight of the remaining Judahites to Egypt, marking the end of national existence.

Jehoiachin is released from prison by Awel-Marduk, Nebuchadnezzar’s successor, after two years, receiving a favored status among captive kings, although the specifics of his privileges remain unclear. The text reflects on the nature of loss, comparing physical death to the death of relationships and communities, emphasizing that while exiles lost possessions and friends, they retained hope in God’s faithfulness. This hope serves as a reminder of continuity with the past despite the pain of separation and loss.

2 Chronicles 36

2 Chronicles 36:2–21 summarizes the reigns of the last kings of Judah—Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, and Zedekiah—highlighting the kingdom’s decline. The text emphasizes the themes of exile and the plundering of the Lord’s temple, attributing Judah’s downfall to the unfaithfulness of its leaders and people. Unlike 2 Kings, which blames Manasseh for the exile, the Chronicler holds the entire nation accountable, reflecting a corporate understanding of sin and responsibility. The Chronicler warns his contemporaries against repeating past mistakes, linking the desecration of the temple to divine judgment. The narrative underscores the retribution principle of the Mosaic covenant, where obedience leads to blessings and disobedience to curses. The Chronicler asserts that the exile was God’s doing, fulfilling prophetic words, and emphasizes God’s faithfulness to His promises. The application section draws parallels to modern discussions of theodicy, noting that while suffering persists, believers can find strength in God’s support through trials. Ultimately, the text reassures that God uses suffering to develop virtues in the faithful, leading to ultimate reward.

2 Chronicles 36:22-23 serves as a hopeful conclusion to the Chronicler’s history, directing readers to the repatriation story in Ezra-Nehemiah. The epilogue, attributed to the Chronicler, includes a date referencing the first year of Cyrus king of Persia (538 BC) and highlights Cyrus’s decree, which, while not explicitly mentioning the Hebrews, pertains to the Israelites exiled by Assyrians and Babylonians. The Chronicler emphasizes God’s sovereignty, as seen in Cyrus’s actions, which fulfill Isaiah’s prophecies regarding the restoration of Jerusalem. Cyrus is portrayed as both a shepherd and a prophet of Yahweh, facilitating the return of Jews to Palestine and the rebuilding of the temple. The text reflects on the tension between God’s sovereignty and the ongoing struggles against nations opposing Him. The incomplete citation from Ezra 1:3 in the epilogue invites worship, paralleling the psalmist’s call to ascend to the temple. This worship is essential for understanding life’s complexities, as it allows believers to gain perspective on righteousness and wickedness, echoing Peter’s affirmation of believers as a chosen people called to declare God’s praises.

^✝Deeper excerpt from NIV Application Commentary, One-Volume Edition.

Jeremiah 38–40; Psalm 74, 79

Common Theme

Both Jeremiah’s account and these psalms highlight God’s sovereign judgment over nations and His people, while also pointing to His mercy as the only hope for restoration. God allows Jerusalem’s destruction because of sin, yet He preserves His prophet and hears the desperate cries of His people.

Questions

• How does God’s preservation of Jeremiah during Jerusalem’s fall display His faithfulness even in judgment?
• In Psalm 74 and 79, what does the psalmist’s appeal to God’s covenant teach us about how to pray in seasons of devastation?

God Shot

God is the righteous Judge who allows destruction when His people persist in rebellion, yet He is also the covenant-keeping God who hears the cries of the afflicted and preserves a remnant. He is both just and merciful, holding nations accountable while remaining faithful to His promises.

---

Deeper^✝

Jeremiah 38-39

In Jeremiah 38:1–28, the officials express anger towards the prophet Jeremiah for his discouraging messages about Babylonian dominance, leading them to lower him into a muddy cistern as punishment. This act reflects the dire circumstances of the siege, highlighting water scarcity. An Ethiopian eunuch, Ebed-Melek, bravely intervenes, persuading King Zedekiah to rescue Jeremiah from the cistern, using rags to prevent injury during the extraction. Although Jeremiah is freed, he remains confined under guard. Zedekiah seeks Jeremiah’s spiritual counsel, revealing his concerns for both his safety and the city’s fate. Jeremiah presents Zedekiah with the choice of surrendering to the Babylonians or facing destruction. Zedekiah’s request for secrecy indicates his internal conflict and lack of trust in those around him. The chapter concludes with Jeremiah still in custody until Jerusalem’s fall, setting the stage for future events. The narrative emphasizes the impact of fear on decision-making and the importance of discerning and trusting God’s will amidst difficult choices.

The passage from Jeremiah 38:28b–39:18 recounts the fall of Jerusalem and the fate of its leaders, particularly Zedekiah, who attempts to escape but is captured by the Babylonians. The city is burned, including the royal palace, while some of the poorest inhabitants are left behind to tend the land. Nebuchadnezzar orders Jeremiah’s release, recognizing his prophetic role, and hands him over to Gedaliah, who will become governor of Judah. The narrative also highlights Ebed-Melek, the eunuch who saved Jeremiah, receiving a divine promise of life. The text reflects on the nature of tragedy and judgment, suggesting that while Jerusalem’s fall was foretold, it embodies both divine judgment and tragedy. It emphasizes God’s grace amidst judgment, illustrating that new beginnings can arise even in dire circumstances, affirming God’s sovereignty over history and personal lives.

Jeremiah 40

In Jeremiah 40 Nebuzaradan, a Babylonian official, informs Jeremiah that God has handed Judah and Jerusalem to Babylon for judgment. Jeremiah chooses to stay with the remnant in the land rather than go to Babylon, indicating his commitment to renewal. Gedaliah, appointed governor, gathers remnants of Judeans at Mizpah, including Ishmael and Johanan, who will play crucial roles in the unfolding events. Johanan learns of a plot by Ishmael, who is allied with the Ammonite king Baalis, to assassinate Gedaliah, but Gedaliah dismisses the warning.

Psalm 74

Psalm 74 expresses the anguish of the psalmist over God’s perceived rejection and the destruction of Jerusalem. The opening verses question why God has abandoned His people, highlighting their identity as His flock. The psalmist laments the assault on the temple and the silence of God, feeling lost without prophetic guidance. Despite the despair, the psalmist acknowledges God’s unchanging power over chaos. The latter part of the psalm calls on God to remember His covenant and the suffering of His people, urging Him to act against their enemies. The text encourages communal discernment of God’s presence in difficult times and understanding one’s role in faith.

Psalm 79

Psalm 79 reflects on the suffering of God’s people following the fall of Jerusalem and their exile. The psalmist reminds God of the cost of these events, emphasizing Israel as His inheritance. While acknowledging their deserved punishment, the poet urges God to respond to the injustices faced by Judah. The prayer seeks both mercy and justice, highlighting the need for restoration and the importance of God’s reputation among nations. Ultimately, the psalm underscores the significance of prayer as a means of relationship with God, beyond merely seeking outcomes.

^✝Deeper excerpt from NIV Application Commentary, One-Volume Edition.

Jeremiah 35–37

Common Theme

God contrasts human obedience and disobedience: the Rechabites’ faithfulness to their ancestor’s command highlights Judah’s stubborn refusal to heed God’s Word, and despite repeated warnings, kings and people persist in rejecting God’s call to repentance. God’s word proves unshakable, whether through prophetic judgment or promises of restoration.

Questions

• Why does God hold up the obedience of the Rechabites as an indictment against Judah’s disobedience?
• What does the persistence of Jeremiah’s message, despite opposition and rejection, reveal about God’s determination to reach His people?

God Shot

God is patient yet uncompromising, continually sending His word through Jeremiah to confront rebellion and call His people back. He is a God who values obedience to His voice above all and will uphold His word even when kings and nations resist.

---

Deeper

Jeremiah 35

Jeremiah 35:1–19 discusses the Rekabites, a community that rejects wine, agriculture, and houses, possibly representing a conservative nomadic ideal or an alternative community. Jeremiah invites them to drink wine, highlighting their commitment to their values, which contrasts with the disobedience of Judah. The Rekabites, led by Jaazaniah, live in tents due to pressure from the Babylonian army, seeking refuge in Jerusalem. Their refusal to drink wine serves as a prophetic symbol against Judah’s lack of integrity. God instructs Jeremiah to share this encounter with the people, emphasizing the Rekabites’ obedience compared to Judah’s faithlessness. The chapter concludes with a promise to the Rekabites that they will always have a place with God. The application emphasizes the importance of community in faith, public obedience to God’s will, and the potential need to forgo cultural practices for the gospel.

Jeremiah 36

Jeremiah 36 recounts events during Jehoiakim’s reign, specifically in 605 BC, when Babylon, under Nebuchadnezzar, defeated Egypt, posing a threat to Jehoiakim’s rule. Jeremiah, banned from preaching in the temple, has his messages delivered by his scribe Baruch, who copies them onto a scroll. The scroll serves as a substitute for Jeremiah’s voice, aiming to prompt repentance among the people. A solemn fast in December 604 BC provides an opportunity for Baruch to read the scroll, but the people’s response is muted, indicating their indifference to the prophetic message.

The narrative contrasts Jehoiakim’s rejection of the scroll with his father Josiah’s reverence for God’s word. Jehoiakim contemptuously cuts the scroll, symbolizing his disregard for the prophetic authority. The officials, recognizing the danger posed by Jehoiakim’s hostility, advise Baruch and Jeremiah to hide, which they do, preserving their lives. God commands Jeremiah to create a new scroll, which contains similar judgments against Jehoiakim and Judah, emphasizing the inevitability of divine judgment due to their heedlessness.

The account illustrates the consequences of ignoring God’s word, while also highlighting those who preserved the prophetic messages for future generations. It serves as a reminder of the enduring nature of God’s word and its purpose to correct and instruct, prompting reflection on who today recognizes and heeds this divine guidance.

Jeremiah 37

Jeremiah 37:1–21 discusses King Zedekiah’s reign in Judah, highlighting his relationship with the prophet Jeremiah. Zedekiah, appointed by the Babylonians, faces pressure as an Egyptian army approaches, temporarily lifting the Babylonian siege. Jeremiah receives a revelation that Babylon will conquer the city, but when he attempts to leave for his property, he is beaten and confined due to suspicions of desertion. Zedekiah seeks guidance from Jeremiah but mistreats him despite his requests for help. Jeremiah’s confinement is painful, and he questions Zedekiah about his perceived wrongdoing. The text emphasizes the tendency to reject uncomfortable truths and suggests that even in judgment, God remains faithful to His promises, allowing for new beginnings despite tragedy.

*Deeper excerpt from NIV Application Commentary, One-Volume Edition.

Jeremiah 32-34

Common Theme
God reaffirms His covenant promises even in the face of present judgment, assuring restoration, renewal, and His enduring faithfulness to His people. Though destruction is certain, His plan is to rebuild, cleanse, and establish an everlasting relationship with them.

Questions

• How does God’s promise of restoration shape our perspective when we face seasons of loss or discipline?
• What does it reveal about God’s character that He speaks hope and renewal in the midst of judgment?

God Shot
God is the Covenant Keeper who never abandons His plans for His people. His faithfulness endures beyond their failures, working redemption and restoration according to His unchanging word.

---

Deeper

Jeremiah 32

Jeremiah 32:1–44 describes the historical context of Jerusalem under siege by Babylon around 588 BC, with the prophet Jeremiah imprisoned for his prophecies. He announces to King Zedekiah that Jerusalem will fall to Babylon. Amidst this turmoil, Jeremiah purchases family property from Hanamel, symbolizing hope for future restoration despite the current despair. This act reflects the importance of family inheritance and the right of redemption, emphasizing that property should remain within the family. Baruch, Jeremiah’s scribe, assists in documenting the purchase, which will later validate Jeremiah’s prophecy of restoration.

Following this, Jeremiah prays, acknowledging God’s sovereignty and the siege as part of His divine plan. God responds, reiterating the impending judgment on Judah and Jerusalem due to their failures, but also emphasizes the significance of the land purchase as a sign of future blessings. God promises an everlasting covenant, a transformed heart for the people, and life in the promised land. The text concludes with a reflection on redemption, highlighting that it requires sacrifice and the willingness to give for others, aligning with the principles of joyful giving in evangelism and social ethics.

Jeremiah 33

Jeremiah 33 emphasizes God’s communication regarding the future restoration of Judah and Jerusalem. The chapter begins with God promising to heal and redeem His people, highlighting themes of forgiveness and tangible restoration, such as resettlement and security. The joy of the future is contrasted with past judgments, as cities will be inhabited again, and worship will resume in the temple. A significant messianic promise is made, indicating that a righteous leader from David’s lineage will arise, executing justice and righteousness, with Jerusalem receiving the name “The LORD Our Righteous Savior.”

God assures that the Davidic and Levitical lines will endure, maintaining leadership and priestly roles. The covenant with day and night symbolizes God’s unwavering commitment to His people, countering their despair and cynicism. The application suggests that loss of freedom can lead to a deeper understanding of God’s mercy, as seen in the life of Charles Colson, who transformed his life through faith while imprisoned. Ultimately, the promise of a Davidic ruler is fulfilled in Jesus Christ, the eternal head of the church, emphasizing that true reconciliation is found in Him.

Jeremiah 34

Jeremiah 34:1–22 discusses the intertwined fate of King Zedekiah, the city, and the nation of Judah during the Babylonian siege. The text emphasizes that the prophecies regarding their future are contingent on Zedekiah’s and the people’s responses. Zedekiah’s eventual capture and blinding serve as a tragic conclusion to his defiance. The passage also notes the timing of Jeremiah’s prophecies, highlighting the resistance of the cities of Azekah and Lachish against Babylon.

Zedekiah’s covenant to free Judean slaves, likely motivated by the siege, is central to the narrative. However, after a brief period of improved circumstances, the covenant is broken, and the slaves are re-enslaved. This act is condemned by God through Jeremiah, referencing the debt-slavery laws in Deuteronomy 15, which link justice for slaves to the covenant with God. The text underscores that breaking this covenant leads to divine judgment, equating the people’s actions with their punishment.

The passage concludes with a reflection on the nature of promises and commitments in the face of societal change, suggesting that future generations may struggle with maintaining convictions amidst rapid transformations. The importance of keeping promises, both divine and human, is emphasized as foundational to relationships.

*Deeper excerpt from NIV Application Commentary, One-Volume Edition.

Jeremiah 30–31

Common Theme
God promises restoration and renewal for His people after judgment, bringing them back from exile and establishing a new covenant. His mercy and faithfulness ensure not only their physical return but also a transformed relationship with Him.

Questions

• How does the promise of a new covenant deepen our understanding of God’s commitment to His people?
• What does this passage teach about God’s role in both discipline and restoration?

God Shot
God is the Restorer who rebuilds what is broken and renews what is worn out. He delights to bind Himself to His people with unbreakable promises, revealing His faithful and compassionate heart.

---

Deeper

Jeremiah 30

Jeremiah 30:1–24 presents prophecies regarding the future restoration of God’s people, referred to as "Jacob." The text emphasizes that despite current afflictions, there will be a return to their land and a renewed relationship with God. The unity of God’s people is highlighted, transcending their political and geographical circumstances. The chapter suggests that Jacob will be saved from turmoil, with a promise of liberation from foreign oppression. The mention of "David their king" indicates a future leader from David’s lineage, ultimately fulfilled in Jesus. Although Jerusalem’s guilt and helplessness are acknowledged, there is a promise of restoration and the destruction of her enemies. The text concludes with a reminder of God’s righteous judgment and the mysterious nature of His plans, which will only be fully understood in the future. The application emphasizes God’s faithfulness to His promises, the importance of recognizing constants in biblical prophecy, and the understanding that God remains the ultimate Judge and has called people into fellowship with Him.

Jeremiah 31

Jeremiah 31:1–40 discusses a transformative period of divine intervention and the promise of restoration for God’s people. The chapter begins by emphasizing the qualitative changes from current hardships to a hopeful future, where God expresses everlasting love and kindness towards "Virgin Israel." The imagery of pilgrimage to Zion signifies a return to God. The text highlights a remnant of Israel, particularly those exiled by the Assyrians, and describes God’s actions as delivering and redeeming His people, akin to a new exodus.

The mourning of Rachel for her lost children symbolizes hope for their return, with God tenderly accepting Ephraim’s repentance. The chapter combines poetry and prose, calling for markers to guide "Virgin Israel" home, emphasizing God’s role in their restoration. It asserts that both Israel and Judah will be rebuilt, with individual accountability for sins.

A significant portion introduces a new covenant, where God’s law will be internalized in people’s hearts, ensuring a transformed relationship with Him. This new covenant signifies a renewal of the community and a promise that God will not remember their sins. The chapter concludes with a metaphor of God’s unwavering commitment to His people, paralleling the fixed order of the cosmos, and envisions a transformed Jerusalem that will endure. The application encourages believers to recognize signs of God’s work in their lives, reflecting both past accomplishments and future hopes in their faith journey.

*Deeper excerpt from NIV Application Commentary, One-Volume Edition.

Jeremiah 26-29

Common Theme
God calls His people to hear and obey His word, warning them against false prophets who promise peace apart from repentance. His plans for His people are rooted in truth and hope, but only as they submit to His timing and authority.

Questions

• How can we discern the difference between a true and false message that claims to come from God?
• What does trusting God’s timing look like when His plans do not align with our expectations?

God Shot
God is the sovereign sender of His word, faithfully speaking truth even when it is unpopular or resisted. He is the God of purposeful plans, shaping the future for His people according to His wisdom and faithfulness.

---

Deeper

Jeremiah 26

In Jeremiah 26:1–24, the prophet Jeremiah warns the people of impending calamity if they do not heed the Lord’s instructions, emphasizing that disobedience leads to disaster, similar to the destruction of Shiloh. His message about the temple, viewed as God’s house, provokes strong opposition, with priests and prophets calling for his death, perceiving his words as blasphemy. During a public trial, Jeremiah defends himself, asserting that he is innocent and sent by the Lord, warning that executing him would bring guilt upon the people. Some elders recall the prophet Micah, who prophesied Jerusalem’s destruction but was spared by King Hezekiah’s repentance, suggesting that the current actions against Jeremiah could harm the people. They recognize the need for genuine repentance, contrasting their situation with Micah’s. In contrast, another prophet, Uriah, is executed by King Jehoiakim for similar prophecies, highlighting the danger faced by those delivering God’s messages. Jeremiah’s survival is aided by Ahikam, an official who supports him. The text concludes that judgmental prophecy aims not only to announce disaster but also to prompt change and renewal among God’s people, affirming God’s commitment to righteousness and the transformative potential of prophetic messages.

Jeremiah 27

In Jeremiah 27, the prophet conveys that God has granted Babylon and Nebuchadnezzar limited sovereignty, and opposing them equates to opposing God’s will. The chapter acknowledges the eventual end of Babylonian dominance and God’s plan to restore temple vessels taken by Nebuchadnezzar. Jeremiah critiques other prophets who falsely proclaim peace, highlighting that their messages have proven incorrect. He lists various specialists who seek divine guidance, all of whom are rejected. The chapter emphasizes that Nebuchadnezzar acts as God’s servant, not as a conqueror. The application warns against assuming that all suffering is due to divine judgment, stressing the importance of understanding God’s timing and purposes in history.

Jeremiah 28

In Jeremiah 28:1–17, Hananiah, a prophet, claims that God will restore Jerusalem and the exiled king, Jehoiachin, after breaking the wooden yoke worn by Jeremiah. Despite initially responding positively to Hananiah’s prophecy, Jeremiah emphasizes that true prophets often announce disaster and judgment. He warns that peace will only be validated if it comes to pass. After receiving a message from God, Jeremiah confronts Hananiah, stating that his prophecy is a lie and that Babylon’s rule is divinely sanctioned. Jeremiah proclaims that the people will face servitude under an iron yoke instead. He also predicts Hananiah’s death within the year as a judgment for his false prophecy. The text highlights the importance of recognizing the distinction between God’s call and human fallibility in understanding divine will.

Jeremiah 29

Jeremiah 29:1–32 discusses a letter Jeremiah writes to the Judean exiles in Babylon, addressing false prophets who mislead the community with promises of imminent return to Judah. He emphasizes that their exile is part of God’s plan, despite Nebuchadnezzar being the historical agent. The exiles are instructed to settle in Babylon, seek its prosperity, and pray for their captors, indicating that their well-being is linked to that of Babylon. Jeremiah reassures them of God’s future restoration, contingent upon their sincere seeking of Him. He warns against listening to false prophets who deny God’s judgment, using metaphors like “poor figs” to illustrate the fate of those in Jerusalem. The chapter concludes with a specific condemnation of Shemaiah, a notable opponent of Jeremiah. The application highlights the importance of prayer as a means of communion with God, suggesting that a lack of prayer reflects inadequate theology. Prayer transforms perceptions and actions, fostering growth in one’s relationship with God, contrasting with the belief in God without genuine communion.

*Deeper excerpt from NIV Application Commentary, One-Volume Edition.

Jeremiah 23-25

Common Theme
God contrasts false shepherds who scatter His people with His promise to raise up a righteous Branch who will reign with justice. His word will surely be fulfilled, bringing both judgment on unrepentant nations and restoration for His faithful remnant.

Questions

• How can we discern between God’s true word and the empty promises of false teachers?
• In what ways does the hope of God’s righteous reign shape how we respond to present injustice?

God Shot
God is the righteous King who sees the corruption of leaders and promises to establish perfect justice through His chosen ruler. He is faithful to both judge evil and to gather His people into the safety of His care.

---

Deeper

Jeremiah 23

Jeremiah expresses his anguish over the misleading prophecies and the dire conditions faced by the people, including drought. He critiques the prophets and priests for their wickedness, noting that they falsely assure the nation of peace while leading them astray. The text emphasizes that true prophets would call out the people’s sins and guide them towards repentance.

The passage also distinguishes between genuine divine messages and mere dreams, highlighting the importance of authentic prophecy. While some prophets may have previously served God, their current messages of peace are deemed misleading. Jeremiah’s experiences reflect the broader theme of true prophecy being validated through historical events, contrasting with the false assurances of other prophets.

Ultimately, the text draws parallels between Jeremiah’s call for repentance and the teachings of Jesus, emphasizing the need for true leadership and commitment to God. Discipleship is framed as a form of leadership, echoing Christ’s mission to serve rather than be served.

Jeremiah 24

In Jeremiah 24:1–10, the prophet observes two baskets of figs at the temple, symbolizing the fate of the Judeans during Zedekiah’s reign. The ripe figs represent those exiled to Babylon, whom God promises to restore and give a heart to know Him. In contrast, the rotten figs symbolize Zedekiah and those remaining in Judah, who will face judgment. This passage reflects God’s justice and mercy, illustrating His intention to build up the exiles and reinstate the covenant relationship, while also emphasizing the consequences for those who reject Him.

Jeremiah 25

Jeremiah 25:1–38 presents God’s oracles to Jeremiah, summarizing twenty-three years of prophetic preaching. The refusal of the people to heed warnings has led to impending judgment, with Babylon and Nebuchadnezzar identified as instruments of this judgment. Nebuchadnezzar is referred to as God’s “servant,” indicating that the judgment against Judah is part of God’s plan, though it does not imply moral superiority. A servitude of “seventy years” to Babylon is projected, symbolizing a significant period of judgment, though the actual duration was about sixty-six years. The text also describes nations drinking from the “cup” of God’s wrath, representing the turmoil to come. This judgment extends beyond Jerusalem to all nations, emphasizing God’s role as a cosmic judge. The application highlights that God’s historical judgments reveal His purpose rather than serve as a blueprint for the future. God’s providence encompasses all nations, and judgment is part of a broader divine plan that includes mercy. Christians are cautioned against oversimplifying misfortunes as divine judgment, recognizing the complexity of God’s work in history, which ultimately serves His eternal designs

*Deeper excerpt from NIV Application Commentary, One-Volume Edition.